13th century

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Millennium:	1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium

Centuries:	12th century - 13th century - 14th century
Decades:	1200s 1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s 1280s 1290s

As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages.

The Mongols, under the leadership of Genghis Khan, overran most of Asia, thus creating the second largest empire to ever exist, surpassed only by the British Empire. They achieved this success in large part due to their amazing horse archers.

1 Events
2 Significant people
3 Inventions, discoveries, introductions
4 Decades and years
5 External links

[edit] Events

1206 - Mongols united under Temujin, who is proclaimed "Genghis Khan".
Most of Asia and Eastern Europe is conquered and incorporated into the Mongol Empire
Ogedei Khan establish Mongolian dynasty in China. Some Mongol leaders convert from Tantric Buddhism to Islam.
1204 - Fourth Crusade sacks Byzantine Constantinople and creates the Latin Empire.
Fifth through eighth crusades of western European kingdoms against Islam
Teutonic Knights begin activity in Eastern Europe.
Battle of Bouvines
1215 - King John of England forced to sign Magna Carta at Runnymede
Fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors. Sicily and Naples are acquired by the French count Charles I of Naples.
Marco Polo and his family reach China
Fall of the Ghana Empire
1270 - restoration of Solomonic dynasty in Ethiopia, deposing the Zagwe dynasty.
James I of Aragon takes control of Balearic Islands and Valencia. In 1282, after the Sicilian Vespers, Aragon acquires Sicily.
Andrew II of Hungary signs the Golden Bull which afferms the privileges of Hungarian nobility.
Theravada overtakes Mahayana as the dominant form of Buddhism in Cambodia.
Persian historian Rashid al-Din records eleven Buddhist texts circulating in Arabic translation.
1238 - The Thai Kingdom of Sukhothai is established, with Theravada Buddhism as the state religion. Later in the century it vassalises significant parts of modern Thailand, Laos, Burma, and Malaysia.
Norway cedes the Isle of Man to Scotland, following the signing of the Treaty of Perth.
First European universities founded.
The Utiguri Bulgar state on the Volga vanishes from history.
Bantu-speaking peoples arrive in modern Angola, partially displacing the original Khoisan inhabitants.
The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 in Spain sees the beginning of a rapid Christian reconquest of the southern half of the Iberian peninsula, with the defeat of Moorish forces.
The Swiss Confederation is formed by Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden
End of Hohenstaufen dynasty at the Battle of Tagliacozzo. The Kingdom of Sicily goes to French Anjou house.
A period of civil unrest, Sturlungaöld, leads to Iceland becoming part of the Kingdom of Norway

[edit] Significant people

Albertus Magnus, German philosopher and theologian
Alexander of Hales, philosopher and theologian
Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir
Béla IV of Hungary rebuilder of Hungary after the devastating Mongol invasion
Birger jarl, Swedish statesman, earl, and founder of Stockholm
Bonaventure, Franciscan theologian
Dante Alighieri, Italian writer
Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan order
Frederick II, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
Genghis Khan, founder of Mongol Empire
Giotto di Bondone Italian painter
Ibn Taymiyyah, famous Hanbali, Salafi Scholar of Islam
Kublai Khan, Khan ruler, founder of Yuan Dynasty in China
Lembitu, Estonian ruler
Louis IX of France, St. Louis, French king and crusader
Petrus Peregrinus, scientist
Ramon Llull, Majorcan philosopher
Robert Grosseteste, English statesman, theologian, and scientist
Roger Bacon, Franciscan, philosopher, and scientist
Saadi Persian poet
Snorri Sturluson, historian and saga-writer
Sundiata Keita semi-historical founder of the Mali Empire
Thomas Aquinas, theologian
William Wallace, Scottish national leader
William Marshal, knight and statesman.

[edit] Inventions, discoveries, introductions

List of 13th century inventions
The motet form originates out of the Ars antiqua tradition of Western European music

[edit] Decades and years

1190s	1190	1191	1192	1193	1194	1195	1196	1197	1198	1199
1200s	1200	1201	1202	1203	1204	1205	1206	1207	1208	1209
1210s	1210	1211	1212	1213	1214	1215	1216	1217	1218	1219
1220s	1220	1221	1222	1223	1224	1225	1226	1227	1228	1229
1230s	1230	1231	1232	1233	1234	1235	1236	1237	1238	1239
1240s	1240	1241	1242	1243	1244	1245	1246	1247	1248	1249
1250s	1250	1251	1252	1253	1254	1255	1256	1257	1258	1259
1260s	1260	1261	1262	1263	1264	1265	1266	1267	1268	1269
1270s	1270	1271	1272	1273	1274	1275	1276	1277	1278	1279
1280s	1280	1281	1282	1283	1284	1285	1286	1287	1288	1289
1290s	1290	1291	1292	1293	1294	1295	1296	1297	1298	1299
1300s	1300	1301	1302	1303	1304	1305	1306	1307	1308	1309

[edit] External links

The Thirteenth: Greatest of Centuries by James J. Walsh, 1907

Millennium	Century
4th BC:	40th BC	39th BC	38th BC	37th BC	36th BC	35th BC	34th BC	33rd BC	32nd BC	31st BC
3rd BC:	30th BC	29th BC	28th BC	27th BC	26th BC	25th BC	24th BC	23rd BC	22nd BC	21st BC
2nd BC:	20th BC	19th BC	18th BC	17th BC	16th BC	15th BC	14th BC	13th BC	12th BC	11th BC
1st BC:	10th BC	9th BC	8th BC	7th BC	6th BC	5th BC	4th BC	3rd BC	2nd BC	1st BC
1st:	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
2nd:	11th	12th	13th	14th	15th	16th	17th	18th	19th	20th
3rd:	21st	22nd	23rd	24th	25th	26th	27th	28th	29th	30th
4th:	31st	32nd	33rd	34th	35th	36th	37th	38th	39th	40th