1915
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| Years: | 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1915 MCMXV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2668 |
| Armenian calendar | 1364 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԴ |
| Chinese calendar | 4551/4611-11-16 (甲寅年十一月十六日) — to — 4552/4612-11-25(乙卯年十一月廿五日) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1907 – 1908 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5675 – 5676 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1970 – 1971 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1837 – 1838 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5016 – 5017 |
| Iranian calendar | 1293 – 1294 |
| Islamic calendar | 1333 – 1334 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2458 |
1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar).
Contents |
[edit] Events
- January 1 - Sinking of the battleship HMS Formidable, off Lyme Regis, Dorset, England, by a German U-Boat.
- January 12 - The Rocky Mountain National Park is established by an act of the U.S. Congress.
- January 12 - United States House of Representatives rejects proposal to give women the right to vote.
- January 13 – An earthquake (6.8 in Richter scale) in Avezzano, Italy - more than 12,000 dead
- January 19 - Georges Claude patents the neon discharge tube for use in advertising.
- January 19 - German zeppelins bomb the cities of Great Yarmouth and King's Lynn in the United Kingdom for the first time, killing more than 20.
- January 21 - Kiwanis International is founded in Detroit, Michigan.
- January 28 - An act of the U.S. Congress creates the United States Coast Guard.
- January 31 - World War I: Germany uses poison gas against Russians.
- February 8 - The controversial film The Birth of a Nation by D.W. Griffith premieres (Los Angeles, California).
- February 12 - In Washington, DC the first stone of the Lincoln Memorial is put into place.
- March 3 - NACA, the predecessor of NASA, is founded.
- March 14 - World War I: Off the coast of Chile, the Royal Navy sinks the German battleship SMS Dresden.
- March 14 - Britain, France and Russia agree to give Constantinople and the Bosporus to Russia in case of victory (the treaty is later nullified by the Bolshevik revolution)
- March 18 - World War I: British attack on the Dardanelles fails.
- March 19 - Pluto is photographed for the first time but was not recognized as a planet.
- March 25 - US submarine F-4 sinks off Hawaii - 21 dead
- March 28 - The first Roman Catholic Liturgy is celebrated by Archbishop John Ireland at the newly consecrated Cathedral of Saint Paul in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
- April 13 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa's attack against Alvaro Obregon's troops in Celaya. Charge of Villa's troops is no match against Obregon's barbed wire and machine guns
- April 22 - World War I: Second Battle of Ypres - German troops introduce poison gas at Ypres, Belgium.
- April 24 - The Ottoman Empire arrests hundreds of Armenian intellectuals, executing most. Armenians mark this as the start of the Armenian Genocide and commemorate the anniversary.
- April 25 - The Anzac tradition begins during World War I with a landing at Gallipoli on the Turkish coast.
- April 30 - Australian submarine AE2 sunk in Sea of Marmara.
- May 3 - John McCrae writes In Flanders Fields
- May 5 - World War I: The Turks begin shelling Anzac Cove from a new position behind their lines.
- May 7 - World War I: The RMS Lusitania is sunk by a German U-boat killing 1,198.
- May 9 - World War I: Second Battle of Artois - German and French forces fight.
- May 17 - The last purely Liberal government in the United Kingdom ends when Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith forms an all party coalition.
- May 22 - Quintinshill railway disaster, Scotland, UK. 200 killed.
- May 23 - World War I: Italy joins the Allies after they declare war on Austria-Hungary.
- June 3 - Troops of Obregon and Villa clash at León. Obregon loses his right arm in grenade attack but Villa is decisively defeated
- June 9 - U.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan resigns over a disagreement regarding his nation's handling of the RMS Lusitania sinking.
- June 16 - Foundation of the British Women's Institute
- July 7 - An extremely overloaded Great Gorge and International Railway trolley with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario resulting in 15 casualties.
- July 24 - The steamer Eastland capsizes in central Chicago, with the loss of 845 lives.
- July 28 - United States occupation of Haiti begins
- August 5 – 23 - Hurricane Two of the 1915 Atlantic hurricane season over Galveston and New Orleans – 275 dead
- August 6 - World War I: Battle of Sari Bair begins - The Allies mount a diversionary attack timed to coincide with a major Allied landing of reinforcements at Suvla Bay.
- August 16 - The Entente promises the Kingdom of Serbia, should victory be achieved over Austro-Hungary and its allied Central Powers, the territories of Baranja, Srem and Slavonia from the Cisleithanian part of the Dual Monarchy; Bosnia and Herzegovina; and eastern ⅔ of Dalmatia (from the river of Krka to Bar).
- August 17 - Jewish American Leo Frank is lynched for the alleged murder of a 13-year-old girl in Atlanta, Georgia.
- September 6 - The first prototype tank is tested for the British Army for the first time.
- September 7 - Former cartoonist John B. Gruelle is given a patent for his Raggedy Ann doll.
- October 12 - World War I: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium.
- October 19 - US recognizes Mexican government of Venustiano Carranza de facto (not de jure until 1917)
- October 27 - William Morris Hughes becomes 7th Prime Minister of Australia.
- November 14 - Vision allegedly encountered by various military personnel in Europe at 22:30 hours, as recounted on the television series One Step Beyond.
- November 25 - The theory of general relativity is formulated.
- December 12 - Chinese president Yuan Shikai declares himself Emperor
- December 26 - Irish Republican Brotherhood Military Council decides to stage a rising on Easter Sunday 1916.
[edit] Unknown dates
- Alfred Wegener proposes the theory of Pangea.
- Emory College is rechartered as Emory University, and plans to move its main campus from Oxford, Georgia to Atlanta.
- Triangle Film Corporation was founded in the summer of this year
- U.S. recognizes government of President Venustiano Carranza of Mexico.
- Lord Beaverbrook buys the London Daily Express.
- Automobile speed record of 102.6 m.p.h. set at Sheepshead Bay, N.Y.. by Gil Anderson driving a Stutz.
- The first stop sign appears in Detroit, Michigan.
- Female suffrage in Denmark and Iceland
- Henri Désiré Landru begins his serial kills
- Typhoid Mary isolated
- Franz Kafka's short novel Die Verwandlung is first published in Germany
[edit] Ongoing events
- World War I (1914-1918)
- Ethnic cleansing in Turkey:
- Assyrian Genocide (1914–1922)
- Armenian Genocide (1915–1918)
[edit] Births
[edit] January
- January 2 - John Hope Franklin, American historian
- January 3 - Sid Hudson, baseball player
- January 5 - Arthur H. Robinson, American geographer and cartographer (d. 2004)
- January 6 - Don Edwards, American politician
- January 14 - Mark Goodson, American television game show producer (d. 1992)
- January 18 - Santiago Carrillo, Spanish politician
- January 20 - Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of Pakistan (d. 2006)
- January 23 - Arthur Lewis, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- January 24 - Robert Motherwell, American painter (d. 1991)
- January 29 - John Serry, Sr., American musician, composer, arranger. (d. 2003)
- January 30 - Joachim Peiper, German SS officer (d. 1976)
- January 30 - John Profumo, British cabinet minister (d. 2006)
- January 31 - Alan Lomax, American folklorist and musicologist (d. 2002)
- January 31 - Thomas Merton, American monk and author (d. 1968)
[edit] February
- February 1 - Artur London, Czech statesman (d. 1986)
- February 1 -Alicia Rhett, American actress and painter
- February 1 - Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (d. 2000)
- February 2 - Khushwant Singh, Indian writer
- February 4 - Sir Norman Wisdom, English comedian, singer, and actor
- February 5 - Robert Hofstadter, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
- February 7 - Teoctist Arăpaşu, Romanian Orthodox Church Patriarch
- February 11 - Patrick Leigh Fermor, British author and soldier
- February 14 - Ray Evans, American Composer
- February 16 - Jim O'Hora, American college football coach (d. 2005)
- February 16 - Elisabeth Eybers, South African poet
- February 19 - John Freeman, British politician
- February 23 - Paul Tibbets, American pilot
- February 26 - Preacher Roe, baseball player
- February 28 - Peter Medawar, Brazilian-born scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1987)
[edit] March
- March 3 -Wally Cassell, American actor
- March 4 - Carlos Surinach, Spanish composer (d. 1997)
- March 9 - John Edgar "Johnnie" Johnson, English pilot (d. 2001)
- March 10 - Harry Bertoia, Italian artist and designer (d. 1978)
- March 11 - Vijay Hazare, Indian cricketer (d. 2004)
- March 14 - Alexander Brott, Canadian conductor and composer (d. 2005)
- March 17 - Bill Roycroft, Australian equestrian
- March 19 -Patricia Morison, American actress
- March 20 - Sviatoslav Richter, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1997)
- March 23 - Vasily Zaitsev, Soviet sniper (d. 1991)
- March 27 - Robert Lockwood Jr., American musician (d. 2006)
- March 30 - Arsenio Erico, Paraguayan footballer (d. 1977)
- March 30 - Pietro Ingrao, Italian politician
- March 31 - Albert Hourani, English historian (d. 1993)
[edit] April
- April 3 - Piet de Jong, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
- April 4 - Muddy Waters, American musician (d. 1983)
- April 7 - Albert O. Hirschman, German-born economist
- April 7 - Billie Holiday, American singer (d. 1959)
- April 8 - Ivan Supek, Croatian physicist, author, and human rights activist
- April 10 - Harry Morgan, American actor
- April 15 - Elizabeth Catlett, American-born artist
- April 21 - Anthony Quinn, Mexican actor (d. 2001)
- April 30 - Elio Toaff, Italian rabbi
[edit] May
- May 1 - Krystyna Skarbek, Polish-born heroine of World War II (d. 1952)
- May 1 - Archie Williams, American athlete (d. 1993)
- May 2 - Doris Fisher, American singer and songwriter (d. 2003)
- May 5 - Alice Faye, American entertainer (d. 1998)
- May 6 - Orson Welles, American film director (d. 1985)
- May 6 - George Perle, American composer
- May 8 - Milton Meltzer, American author
- May 12 - Frère Roger, Swiss founder of the Taizé Community (d. 2005)
- May 15 - Hilda Bernstein, English-born author, artist, and activist (d. 2006)
- May 15 - Mario Monicelli, Italian film director
- May 15 - Paul Samuelson, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- May 20 - Moshe Dayan, Israeli military leader and politician (d. 1981)
- May 20 - Peter Copley, English actor
- May 26 - Sam Edwards, American actor (d. 2004)
- May 27 - Herman Wouk, American author
- May 29 - Karl Münchinger, German conductor (d. 1990)
[edit] June
- June 1 - John Randolph, American actor (d. 2004)
- June 9 - Les Paul, American inventor and musician
- June 10 - Saul Bellow, Canadian-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
- June 10- Peride Celal, Turkish author
- June 12 - David Rockefeller, American banker and philanthropist
- June 15 - Thomas Huckle Weller, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- June 17 - Karl Targownik, Hungarian psychiatrist and Holocaust survivor (d. 1996)
- June 17 - Mario Echandi Jiménez, President of Costa Rica
- June 20 - Paul Castellano, American gangster (d. 1985)
- June 24 - Sir Fred Hoyle, British astronomer (d. 2001)
- June 26 - Charlotte Zolotow, American author
- June 27 - Grace Lee Boggs, American feminist and author
- June 28 - David Honeyboy Edwards, American musician
[edit] July
- July 5 - John Woodruff, American athlete
- July 7 - Yul Brynner, Russian-born actor (d. 1985)
- July 15 - Albert Ghiorso, American nuclear scientist
- July 26 - Pattabhi Jois, Indian yogi
- July 28 - Charles Townes, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 28 - Frankie Yankovic, American accordion player (d. 1998)
[edit] August
- August 3 - Pete Newell, Canadian-born basketball coach
- August 19 - Ring Lardner Jr., American film screenwriter (d. 2000)
- August 22 - Hugh Paddick, British actor (d. 2000)
- August 25 - Walter Trampler American violist (d. 1997)
- August 27 - Norman F. Ramsey, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- August 28 - Tasha Tudor, American illustrator
- August 28 - Max Robertson, British sports commentator
- August 29 - Ingrid Bergman, Swedish actress (d. 1982)
- August 30 - Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland
[edit] September
- September 2 - Meinhardt Raabe, American actor
- September 3 - Knut Nystedt, Norwegian composer
- September 8 - Frank Cady, American actor
- September 12 - Frank McGee, American television personality (d. 1974)
- September 14 - John Dobson, American astronomer
- September 17 - M F Husain, Indian artist
- September 17 -Adolfo Sánchez Vázquez, Spanish-born philosopher
- September 23 - Julius Baker, American flutist (d. 2003)
- September 23 - Clifford Shull, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
- September 30 - Lester Maddox, Governor of Georgia (d. 2003)
[edit] October
- October 9 - Clifford M. Hardin, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture
- October 13 - Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)
- October 15 - Nellie Lutcher, American singer
- October 17 - Arthur Miller, American playwright (d. 2005)
- October 24 - Bob Kane, American comic book creator (d. 1998)
- October 24 - Tito Gobbi, Italian baritone (d. 1984)
- October 28 - Dody Goodman, American actress and dancer
- October 29 - William Berenberg, American physician (d. 2005)
[edit] November
- November 9 - André François, French cartoonist (d. 2005)
- November 9 - Sargent Shriver, American politician
- November 11 - William Proxmire, U.S. Senator (d. 2005)
- November 12 - Roland Barthes, French philosopher and literary critic (d. 1980)
- November 14 - Martha Tilton, British actress
- November 19 - Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- November 25 - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile
- November 28 - Evald Okas, Estonian painter
- November 30 - Brownie McGhee, American musician (d. 1996)
- November 30 - Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
[edit] December
- December 7 - Eli Wallach, American actor
- December 8 - Ernest Lehman American screenwriter (d. 2005)
- December 9 - Elisabeth Schwarzkopf, German-born soprano (d. 2006)
- December 12 - Frank Sinatra, American entertainer (d. 1998)
- December 17 - Robert A. Dahl, American politicial scientist
- December 19 - Édith Piaf, French singer (d. 1963)
- December 27 - Gyula Zsengellér, Hungarian footballer (d. 1999)
[edit] Unknown dates
- José Caballero, Spanish painter (d. 1991)
[edit] Deaths
- January 14 - Richard Meux Benson, English founder of an Anglican religious order (b. 1824)
- January 15 - Mary Slessor, Scottish Christian missionary (b. 1848)
- February 5 - Ross Barnes, baseball player (b. 1850)
- March 4 - William Willett, English inventor of Daylight Saving Time (b. 1856)
- March 9 - François Faber, Luxembourgian cyclist (b. 1887)
- March 31 - Wyndham Halswelle, Scottish runner (b. 1882)
- April 16 - Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (b. 1841)
- April 23 - Rupert Brooke, English poet (b. 1887)
- July 2 - Porfirio Díaz , President of Mexico (b. 1830)
- July 16 - Ellen G. White, American prophetess, co-founder of Seventh-Day Adventism (b. 1827)
- August 20 - Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1854)
- August 26 - John Bunny American silent film comedian (b. 1863)
- September 9 - Albert Spalding, baseball player and sporting goods manufacturer (b. 1850)
- September 13 - Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
- October 12 - Charles Sorley, British poet (b. 1895)
- October 30 - Charles Tupper, Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1821)
- November 15 - Booker T. Washington, American educator (b. 1856)
- November 28 - Mubarak Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (b. 1896)
[edit] Nobel prizes
- Chemistry - Richard Willstätter
- Literature - Romain Rolland
- Medicine - not awarded
- Peace - not awarded
- Physics - William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg
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