23 (number)

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23 (twenty-three) is the natural number following 22 and preceding 24. It is the smallest natural number with an eleven letter name in English.

<< 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 >> List of numbers -- Integers 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 >>
Cardinal <td>23 twenty-three
Ordinal <td>23rd twenty-third
Factorization	prime
Divisors	1, 23
Roman numeral	XXIII
Binary	10111
Octal	27
Hexadecimal	17

1 In mathematics
2 In science
- 2.1 Astronomy
3 In religion
4 In numerology
5 In sports
6 In other fields
7 Miscellaneous
8 Historical years
9 References
10 External link

[edit] In mathematics

Twenty-three is the ninth prime number, the smallest odd prime that is not a twin prime. Twenty-three is also the fifth factorial prime, the second Woodall prime, and the second Smarandache-Wellin prime. It is an Eisenstein prime with no imaginary part and real part of the form <math>3n - 1</math>.

The fifth Sophie Germain prime and the fourth safe prime, 23 is the next to last member of the first Cunningham chain of the first kind to have five terms (2, 5, 11, 23, 47).

23 also has the distinction of being one of two integers that cannot be expressed as the sum of fewer than 9 cubes of integers (the other is 239). See Waring's problem.

23 is a Wedderburn-Etherington number and the sixth happy number.

A highly cototient number, 23 is the solution to x - φ(x) for the integers 95, 119, 143, 529.

The codewords in the perfect (non-extended) binary Golay code are of size 23.

In binary, 23 is the smallest prime having a composite sum of digits.

[edit] In science

The atomic number of vanadium and the approximate atomic mass (in AMU) of sodium.
The number of chromosomes in a human germline cell
Human somatic cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
Avogadro's number used in chemistry is 6.0221367E²³.

[edit] Astronomy

Messier object M23, a magnitude 6.0 open cluster in the constellation Sagittarius

The New General Catalogue object NGC 23, a magnitude 12.0 barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Pegasus

The Saros number of the solar eclipse series which began on -2145 May 7 and ended on -865 June 15. The duration of Saros series 23 was 1280.1 years, and it contained 72 solar eclipses.

The Saros number of the lunar eclipse series which began on -1843 February 14 and ended on -527 April 14. The duration of Saros series 23 was 1316.2 years, and it contained 74 lunar eclipses.

The 23rd moon of Jupiter is Carme.

The earth's axis is tilted at a 23.4 degree angle.

A Sidereal day is 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.091 seconds.

The planet Neptune was discovered on September 23, 1846.

[edit] In religion

Psalm 23 ("The Lord is my shepherd...") is possibly the most quoted and best known psalm.

[edit] In numerology

Main article: 23 (numerology)

The sacred number (along with 5) of Eris, goddess of discord, according to the Principia Discordia; it is the number of the Illuminati.
Like 13, sometimes considered lucky or otherwise significant (as in the occult writings of Aleister Crowley and William S. Burroughs); see the 23 enigma.
- 23 Skidoo is a title of a poem in Aleister Crowley's book "The Book of Lies - Falsely so Called"
Robert Anton Wilson's book, Cosmic Trigger I: Final Secret of the Illuminati, lists 23 as a cosmic number with strong connections to arcane magic and synchronicity. Numerous people have claimed to see '23's everywhere (the 23 curse) prior to enormous success and fruitfulness.
- In many other of Wilson's works (especially The Illuminatus! Trilogy) 23 is given special importance. Many Discordians use this number for any number of purposes.
23rdian is a person who constantly witnesses the number 23 in high concentration.

[edit] In sports

The squad number (or jersey number) of various athletes:
- Don Mattingly's number when he played for the New York Yankees baseball team. It was retired on August 31, 1997.
- Michael Jordan's jersey number, with the exception of a short period of time when he played for the Chicago Bulls basketball team as well as the Washington Wizards. The number now has special significance throughout sports, especially in basketball. Many athletes wear the number 23 either as a tribute to Jordan or because they would like to "be like Mike." Two examples of this in football (soccer) are David Beckham at Real Madrid and the ex-Arsenal player Sol Campbell.
- David Beckham's squad number at Real Madrid football (soccer) club, inspired by the aforementioned Jordan.
- Owen Hargreaves's squad number at FC Bayern Munich, also as a tribute to Michael Jordan<ref>Owen Hargreaves interview ('Sports Illustrated')</ref>.
- Manchester City F.C. have not assigned the squad number 23 to any player since 2003. This is due to the fact that Marc-Vivien Foé, the player who collapsed and died while playing for Cameroon on June 26 2003, had held this squad number at Manchester City.
- Chris Drury's jersey number for the Buffalo Sabres which is inspired by childhood hero Don Mattingly.
- Ryne Sandberg's number when he played for the Chicago Cubs baseball team. It was retired on August 28, 2005.
- December 28 - The Baltimore Colts beat The New York Giants 23-17 in overtime to win The NFL Championship. Occurred in 1958 ( 1+ 9 + 5 + 8 = 23 ).
- Michael Clarke's number in ODI cricket, passed on from Shane Warne in 2004 after Warne's retirement.
- Michael Trescothick, England opening batsman, also wears number 23. He was Shane Warne's 600th test wicket. Shane Warne also wears the number 23 jersey.
- Lebron James's jersey number for the NBA's Cleveland Cavaliers.
- Jason Richardson's jersey number for the NBA's Golden State Warriors.
- Ron Artest's jersey number prior to the 2004-05 season, for the NBA's Indiana Pacers.
The number has never been officially retired by any NFL team.

[edit] In other fields

Twenty-three is:

Among the white pride community, 23 represents the letter W (the 23rd letter of the alphabet) and is used to indicate pride in being of European descent
In early 20th century United States slang, 23 skiddoo means to exit a place; the origins of the phrase are largely unknown
Sydney Carton is the 23rd person executed at the end of A Tale of Two Cities, by Charles Dickens
23, a German movie about Karl Koch
Viginti Tres (23 in Latin) is a song on the album 10,000 Days by Tool
A telegraphers' code meaning "line break"
When mathematician John Forbes Nash suffered from schizophrenic delusions, he said that Life Magazine had run a cover story of him disguised as Pope John XXIII, as his name was John and his favorite prime number was 23. Nash published a total of 23 scientific articles
Actor Danny Trejo's name in "Con Air" was Johnny 23
The number of people (16 females, 7 males) Neo was to select in order to refound Zion in The Matrix Reloaded
A song of the band Jimmy Eat World on their album Futures
ASCII character number 23 is ETB, end transmission block
The smallest group of people in which there is more than a 50% chance that 2 people will share the same birthday (day and month, not year)
One of the "Lost Numbers" on the television show Lost, along with 4, 8, 15, 16 and 42. According to producers of the show, 23 is the most important of these six numbers. One of the second season episodes of Lost is entitled, since it contains references to, "The 23rd Psalm"
Purple 23 is the parking space where Kramer hides his air conditioner in the 23rd Seinfeld episode, "The Parking Garage" (Season 3, Episode 6).
The standard TCP/IP port number for Telnet connections
The number of crosses on the hill at the end of the Monty Python film "The Life of Brian" is 23
Princess Leia is being held in detention block AA-23 in the Star Wars film "A New Hope"
When Zoidberg upsets the shelf containing the various alternative universes in the Futurama episode "The Farnsworth Parabox", the only visible universe number is 23
In The Simpsons, when Homer asks for the bathroom in Burns' house in the episode "Exit to Springfield", Burns says it is the 23rd door on the left.
In William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Caesar was stabbed a total of 23 times (in the Arden Edition it is said that he was stabbed 33 times "Never till Caesar's three and thirty wounds"
Number 23 is recognized as a number of Freetekno culture, often used on decorations, party names, etc.
In the movie Serendipity during the beginning of the movie, both John and Sarah pick the 23rd floor before "the devil" separates them
In the movie Happy Gilmore during the hockey tryout at the beginning of the movie, Happy Gilmore is number 23
2005 December 23 - Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 217 from Baku, Azerbaijan to Aktau, Kazakhstan crashed shortly after takeoff, killing 23 people
The animated band Gorillaz have had many references to 23 from clothing to appearances in its music videos. In Noodle's computer, in the BootDisk, there is a file on the number 23.
Dr. Pepper now boasts being an "authentic blend of 23 flavors" [1]
The Twenty Threes is a secret society at Wake Forest University. The society's flag flew at the Wake Forest v. Liberty game on September 30, 2006, causing much discussion on Accboards.com.
AirIndia Flight 182 (Toronto to New Delhi) was bombed in mid-air on June 23 1985 killing all 329 people on board
Nathan Scott's (James Lafferty) jersey number in the hit show One Tree Hill
In The Big Lebowski, the Dude and his friends always use Lane 23 at the bowling alley
In The Passion of the Christ, Jesus is whipped 23 times before he sees Satan in the crowd.
In Isaac Asimov's short story The Feeling of Power, Myron Aub is asked to multiply the numbers 17 and 23 to demonstrate his powers of calculation
There are 23 cents (music) in a Pythagorean comma.
There were 23 members of Spiral Tribe
A key member of the Electronic Body Music band Front 242 from Belgium is Richard23.
The Qur'an was revealed to Muhammad over the course of the last 23 years of his life by the angel Gabriel.
In the mmorpg Kingdom of loathing 23 is one of many reoccurring jokes.

[edit] Miscellaneous

Jim Carrey, in People Magazine, April 17, 2006, page 142, is quoted as saying: "I've [been fixated on] the number 23 for years. It's everywhere. Each parent passes on 23 chromosomes; Earth's axis is at a 23° angle. Psalm 23 is my mantra..."

Carrey later starred in a film called The Number 23. In it, he portrayed a man who becomes fixated with the number and the role it may or may not play in a conspiracy involving his life.