49 BC

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Centuries:	2nd century BC · 1st century BC · 1st century
Decades:	70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC
Years:	52 BC 51 BC 50 BC 49 BC 48 BC 47 BC 46 BC

[edit] Events

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[edit] Rome

Consuls: Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, Gaius Claudius Marcellus Maior.
The Great Roman Civil War commences
- January 1 - The Roman Senate receives a proposal from Julius Caesar that he and Pompey should lay down their commands simultaneously. The Senate responds that Caesar must immediately surrender his command.
- January 10 - Julius Caesar leads his army across the Rubicon, which separates his jurisdiction (Cisalpine Gaul) from that of the Senate (Italy), and thus initiates a civil war. In response, the Roman senate invokes the senatus consultum ultimum.
- February - Pompey's flight to Epirus (in Western Greece) with most of the Senate.
- March 9 - Caesar advances against Pompeian forces in Spain.
- April 19 - Caesar's siege of Massilia against the Pompeian Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; the siege was conducted later by Caesarian Gaius Trebonius.
- June - Caesar arrives in Spain; seizes the Pyrenees passes against the Pompeians L. Afranius and M. Petreius.
- June 7 - Cicero slips out of Italy and goes to Salonika.
- July 30 - Caesar surrounds Afranius and Petreius's army in Ilerda.
- August 2 - Pompeians in Ilerda surrender to Caesar.
- August 24 - Caesar's general Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in North Africa by the Pompeians under Attius Varus and King Juba I of Numidia (whom he defeated earlier in the Battle of Utica), in the Battle of the Bagradas River, and commits suicide.
- September - Decimus Brutus, a Caesarian, defeats the combined Pompeian-Massilian naval forces in the naval Battle of Massilia, while the Caesarian fleet in the Adriatic is defeated near Curicta (Krk).
- September 6 - Massilia surrendered to Caesar, coming back from Spain.
- October - Caesar appointed Dictator in Rome.