Abbas Mirza
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Abbas Mirza (عباس میرزا in Persian) (August 26, 1789 - October 25, 1833), was a Qajar crown prince of Persia, known because of his wars with Russia and the Ottoman Empire, and his death before his father, the shah. Abbas was an intelligent prince, possessed some literary taste, and is noteworthy on account of the comparative simplicity of his life.
He was a younger son of Fath Ali Shah, but on account of his mother's royal birth was destined by his father to succeed him. Entrusted with the government of a part of Persia, he sought to rule it in European fashion, and employed officers to reorganize his army. He was soon at war with Russia, and his aid was eagerly solicited by both England and Napoleon, anxious to checkmate one another in the East. Preferring the friendship of France, Abbas Mirza continued the war against Russia's General Kotlyarevsky, but his new ally could give him very little assistance, and in October, 1813, Persia was compelled to make a disadvantageous peace, ceding some territory in the Caucasus (present-day Georgia, Dagestan, and most of the Republic of Azerbaijan).
He gained some successes during a war between the Ottoman Empire and Persia which broke out in 1821, but a peace treaty was signed in 1823 after Battle of Erzurum. The war was a victory for Persia. His second war with Russia, which began in 1826, succeeded as little as the first one, and Persia was forced to cede nearly all of its Armenian territories and Nakhichevan. When peace was made in February, 1828, Abbas Mirza then sought to restore order in the province of Khorasan, which was nominally under Persian supremacy, and while engaged in the task died at Meshed in 1833. In 1834 his eldest son, Mohammed Mirza, succeeded Fath Ali Shah as the next king.
He is most remembered for his valor in battle and his attempts to modernize the Persian army, unsuccessful due to the lack of government centralization in Iran during the era. Furthermore, it was Abbas Mirza who first dispatched Iranian students to Europe for a western education.<ref>Patrick Clawson and Michael Rubin. Eternal Iran. Palgrave Macmillan. 2005. ISBN 1-4039-6276-6 p.34</ref>
[edit] Offspring
- Mohammed Mirza to become Mohammad Shah Qajar
- Bahram Mirza royal title: Moez ed-Dowleh
- Djahangir Mirza
- Bahman Mirza
- Fereydoun Mirza royal title: Nayeb al-Ayaleh
- Eskandar Mirza
- Khosrow Mirza
- Ghahreman Mirza
- Ardeshir Mirza royal title: Rokn ed-Dowleh
- Ahmad Mirza
- Ja'far Gholi Mirza
- Mostafa Gholi Mirza
- Soltan Morad Mirza royal title: Hessam Saltaneh
- Manoutchehr Mirza
- Farhad Mirza royal title: Mo'tamed ed-Dowleh
- Firouz Mirza royal title: Nosrat ed-Dowleh
- Khanlar Mirza royal title: Ehteshami ed-Dowleh
- Bahador Mirza royal title: Bahador Mirza
- Mohammad Rahim Mirza
- Mehdi Gholi Mirza
- Hamzeh Mirza royal title: Heshmat ed-Dowleh
- Ildorom Bayazid Mirza
- Lotfollah Mirza royal title: Shoa' ed-Dowleh
- Mohammad Karim Mirza
- Ja'ffar Khan
- Abdollah Khan
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes and references
<references/>
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition article "Abbas Mirza", a publication now in the public domain.
- The Persian Encyclopedia, articles on Abbas Mirza, Persia-Russia Wars, Persia-Ottoman wars, Golestan Treaty, and Torkaman-Chay Treaty.
- Modern Iran. Keddie, Nikki.de:Abbas Mirza
fa:عباس میرزا fr:Abbas Mirza ka:აბას-მირზა ru:Аббас-Мирза zh:阿巴斯·米爾札
