Adenosine diphosphate

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Adenosine diphosphate
Chemical name	Adenosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate)
Chemical formula	C₁₀H₁₅N₅O₁₀P₂
Molecular mass	427.20 g/mol
CAS number	58-64-0
SMILES	O[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H](N2C3=C (N=C2)C(N)=NC=N3)O[C@@H] 1COP(O)(OP(O)(O)=O)=O)O
Image:ADP chemical structure.png

Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleotide. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleotide adenine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine.

ADP is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. ADP is converted back to ATP by ATP synthases. ATP is an important energy transfer molecule in cells.

ADP is stored in platelet dense granules and is released upon platelet activation. ADP interacts with a family of ADP receptors found on platelets (P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2X1), leading to further platelet activation.<ref>Murugappa S, Kunapuli SP, "The role of ADP receptors in platelet function", Front Biosci., 2006, 11:1977-86</ref> ADP in the blood is converted to adenosine by the action of ecto-ADPases, inhibiting further platelet activation via adenosine receptors. The anti-platelet drug Plavix (clopidogrel) inhibits the P2Y12 receptor.

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Nucleic acids and oligonucleotides edit
Nucleobases:	Adenine \| Thymine \| Uracil \| Guanine \| Cytosine \| Purine \| Pyrimidine
Nucleosides:	Adenosine \| Uridine \| Guanosine \| Cytidine \| Deoxyadenosine \| Thymidine \| Deoxyguanosine \| Deoxycytidine
Nucleotides:	AMP \| UMP \| GMP \| CMP \| ADP \| UDP \| GDP \| CDP \| ATP \| UTP \| GTP \| CTP \| cAMP \| cADPR \| cGMP
Deoxynucleotides:	dAMP \| TMP \| dGMP \| dCMP \| dADP \| TDP \| dGDP \| dCDP \| dATP \| TTP \| dGTP \| dCTP
Ribonucleic acids:	RNA \| mRNA \| tRNA \| rRNA \| ncRNA \| sgRNA \| shRNA \| siRNA \| snRNA \| miRNA \| snoRNA \| LNA
Deoxyribonucleic acids:	DNA \| mtDNA \| cDNA \| plasmid \| Cosmid \| BAC \| YAC \| HAC
Analogues of nucleic acids:	GNA \| PNA \| TNA\| morpholino
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