Aerial application
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aerial application, commonly called crop dusting, involves spraying crops with fertilizers, pesticides, and fungicides from an agricultural aircraft. The specific spreading of fertilizer is also known as aerial topdressing.
Ag aircraft are often purpose-built, though many have been converted from existing airframes. Helicopters are sometimes used, and some aircraft serve double duty as water bombers in areas prone to wildfires.
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[edit] History
[edit] Aerial Seed Sowing 1906
The first known aerial application of agricultural materials was by John Chaytor, who in 1906 spread seed over a swamped valley floor in Wairoa, New Zealand, using a hot air balloon with mobile tethers. Aerial sowing of seed has continued on a small scale.
[edit] Crop Dusting 1921
The first known use of a heavier than air machine occurred on 3 August 1921 when as the result of advocacy by Dr B.R. Coad, a United States Army Air Service Curtiss JN4 Jenny piloted by John MacReady was used to spread lead arsenate to kill catalpa sphinx caterpillars near Troy, Ohio in the United States. The first commercial operations were attempted in 1924, by the company which subsequently became Delta Air Lines. Use of insecticide and fungicide for crop dusting slowly spread in the Americas and to a lesser extent other nations in the 1930s and 1940s. Crop dusting poisons enjoyed a boom after World War II until the environmental impact of widespread use became clear, particularly after the publishing of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. According to the US Bureau of Labor and Statistics in 2005, American Crop Dusters earned an average of $63,210 p.a.
[edit] Top Dressing 1939-1946
Aerial topdressing, the spread of fertilisers such as superphosphate, was developed in New Zealand in the 1940s by members of the Ministry of Public Works and RNZAF lead by Alan Pritchard and Doug Campbell.
[edit] Water Bombing 1952
Aerial firefighting, or water bombing, was tested experimentally by Art Seller's Skyways air services in Canada in 1952 (dropping a mix of water, fertiliser and seed), and established in California in the mid 1950s.
