Allantoin

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General
Allantoin
Chemical name (2,5-Dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl) urea
Image:Allantoin.png
Chemical formula	C₄H₆N₄O₃
Molecular weight	158.1164 g/mol
Appearance	white crystalline powder
CAS number	97-59-6
MSDS	Allantoin MSDS
SMILES	O=C1C(NC(=O)N1)NC(=O)N
Other names
?
Physical properties
Density and phase at STP	? g/cm³ (?)
Solubility	0.5% in water (25 °C)	0.2% in alcohol (25 °C ?)
Specific gravity	?
Crystal structure	?
pH (10% solution with water)	?
Acidity constant (pKa)	?
Thermal decomposition	? °C (? K)
Phase behavior
Melting point	239 °C
Boiling point	? °C (? K)
Triple point	? K (? °C) ? bar
Critical point	? K (? °C) ? bar
Heat of fusion (Δ_fusH)	? kJ/mol
Entropy of fusion (Δ_fusS)	? J/mol·K
Heat of vaporization (Δ_vapH)	? kJ/mol

Allantoin is a botanical extract of the comfrey plant and is used for its healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties. Allantoin helps to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulate growth of healthy tissue. This extract can be found in anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions because of its ability to help heal minor wounds and promote healthy skin.

Its chemical formula is C₄H₆N₄O₃. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin, glyoxyldiureide, and 5-ureidohydantoin. It is a product of oxidation of uric acid. It is a diureide of glyoxylic acid. It is a product of purine metabolism in most mammals except higher apes, and it is present in their urine.<ref>Young E. G., Wentworth H. P., Hawkins W. W. (1944). "The absorption and excretion of allantoin in mammals". J. Pharmacol. Experi. Therapeutics 81: 1-9.</ref>

The keratolytic effect and abrasive and astringent properties of allantoin are used in skin softening cosmetic preparations. It is also frequently present in toothpaste, mouthwash, and other oral hygiene products, in shampoos, lipsticks, various cosmetic lotions and creams, and other cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.