Amanita
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The genus Amanita contains about 600 species of agarics and contains some of the most toxic known mushrooms, found worldwide. This genus is responsible for 95% of the fatalities resulting from mushroom poisoning, with the death cap accounting for 50% on its own. The most potent toxin present in these mushrooms is alpha-amanitin.
The listing below is by no means complete, but represents some of the more well-known members of the genus. The genus also contains many edible mushrooms. In some cultures, the larger local edible species of Amanita are mainstays of the markets in the local growing season. Samples of this are Amanita zambiana and other fleshy species in central Africa, A. basii and similar species in Mexico, A. caesarea in Europe, and A. chepangiana in South-East Asia. Other species are used for coloring sauces, such as the red A. jacksonii with a range from eastern Canada to eastern Mexico.
Many species, especially from countries such as Australia where there many fungi are little known, are of unknown edibility. Understandably this is not a genus that lends itself to safe experimentation.
A study suggests Amanita caesarea likes a pH of 6-7. [1] Another study suggests Amanita muscaria dislikes a pH of 3-4 and a copper concentration of 5-25 mg l-1. [2]
[edit] List of species
- Image:Unknown toxicity icon.png Amanita ananaeceps - white-veiled Amanita (Australia)
- Image:Unknown toxicity icon.png Amanita armeniaca - gypsy Amanita (Australia)
- Image:Unknown toxicity icon.png Amanita austroviridis (Australia)
- Image:Edible toxicity icon.png Amanita basii (Mexico)
- Image:Unknown toxicity icon.png Amanita battarae
- Image:Hazard T.svg Amanita bisporiga - destroying angel (Eastern North America)
- Image:Unknown toxicity icon.png Amanita brunnescens - brown star-footed Amanita / cleft-footed Amanita (North America)
- Image:Choice toxicity icon.png Amanita caesarea - Caesar's mushroom/royal Amanita (Southern Europe)
- Image:Unknown toxicity icon.png Amanita cameiphylla - (Western Australia)
- Image:Edible toxicity icon.png Amanita chepangiana - (South-East Asia)
- Image:Inedible toxicity icon.png Amanita citrina - false death cap
- Image:Unknown toxicity icon.png Amanita cokeri - Coker's Amanita
- Image:Edible toxicity icon.png Amanita crocea
- Image:Unknown toxicity icon.png Amanita echinocephala
- Image:Inedible toxicity icon.png Amanita excelsa (=Amanita spissa)
- Image:Poisonous toxicity icon.png Amanita farinosa (North America)
- Image:Unknown toxicity icon.png Amanita flavella - orange Amanita (Australia)
- Image:Unknown toxicity icon.png Amanita flavoconia - yellow patches (North America)
- Image:Edible toxicity icon.png Amanita fulva - tawny grisette (Europe)
- Image:Hazard T.svg Amanita gemmata - gemmed mushroom
- Image:Edible toxicity icon.png Amanita jacksonii - (Eastern North America)
- Image:Unknown toxicity icon.png Amanita junquillea
- Image:Edible toxicity icon.png Amanita lanei - (Western North America)
- Image:Poisonous toxicity icon.png Amanita muscaria - fly agaric
- Image:Hazard T.svg Amanita ocreata- destroying angel (Western North America)
- Image:Hazard T.svg Amanita pantherina - panther mushroom, false blusher (Europe & North America)
- Image:Hazard T.svg Amanita phalloides - death cap (or death cup)
- Image:Poisonous toxicity icon.png Amanita porphyria
- Image:Edible toxicity icon.png Amanita rubescens - blusher
- Image:Edible toxicity icon.png Amanita vaginata - grisette
- Image:Hazard T.svg Amanita verna - fool's mushroom (France)
- Image:Hazard T.svg Amanita virosa - destroying angel (Europe)
- Image:Poisonous toxicity icon.png Amanita xanthocephala - vermillion grisette (Australia)
- Image:Edible toxicity icon.png Amanita zambiana (Zambia, Africa)
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- French Wikipeidia article on Amanita (More complete, though in French)be:Мухамор
bg:Мухоморки cs:Muchomůrka de:Wulstlinge eo:Amanito fr:Amanite ilo:Amanita it:Amanita lt:Musmirė nl:Amaniet ja:テングタケ属 no:Fluesopper pl:Muchomor ru:Мухоморы fi:Kärpässienet tr:Amanita
