Amora

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This article is about rabbis of the Talmudic era. For the comic book character, see Enchantress (Marvel Comics).

For other uses, see Amore.

Amora (Aramaic: אמורא; plural אמוראים, Amora'im; "those who say" or "those who tell over"), were renowned Jewish scholars who "said" or "told over" the teachings of the Oral law, from about 200 to 500 CE in Babylonia and the Land of Israel. Their legal discussions and debates were eventually codified in the Gemara. The Amoraim followed the Tannaim in the sequence of ancient Jewish scholars.

[edit] The Amoraic Era

The first Babylonian Amoraim were Abba Arika, respectfully referred to as Rav, and his contemporary and frequent debate partner, Samuel of Nehardea. Among the earliest Amoraim in Israel were Johanan bar Nappaha and Simeon ben Lakish. Traditionally, the Amoraic period is reckoned as seven or eight generations (depending on where one begins and ends). The last Amoraim are generally considered to be Ravina I and Rav Ashi, and Ravina II, nephew of Ravina I, who codified the Babylonian Talmud around 500 CE.

In the Talmud itself, the singular amora generally refers to a lecturer's assistant: the lecturer would state his points briefly, and the amora would then repeat them aloud for the public's benefit, adding translation and clarification where needed.

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[edit] Prominent Amoraim

See also List of rabbis.

[edit] First generation

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[edit] Second generation

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[edit] Third generation

• Ze'era (Palestine)
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[edit] Fourth generation

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[edit] Other amoraim

• Abaye (d. 339), disciple of Rabbah, Rav Yosef, and Rav Nachman bar Yaakov. Dean of the Yeshiva in Pumbedita.
• Abba Arika (d. 247, known as Rav, last Tanna, first Amora. Disciple of Judah ha-Nasi. Moved from Israel to Babylonia (219). Founder and Dean of the Yeshiva at Sura.
• Rabbi Abbahu (d. early 4th century), disciple of Johanan bar Nappaha. Dean of the Yeshiva in Caesarea.
• Adda bar Ahavah, (3d and 4th centuries), disciple of Abba Arika.
• Rav Ashi (d. 427, disciple of Abaye, Rava, and Rav Kahana. Dean of the Yeshiva in Mata Mehasia. Primary redactor of the Babylonian Talmud.
• Rav Chisda (d. 309), disciple of Rav, Shmuel, and Rav Huna. Dean of the Yeshiva at Sura.
• Hamnuna - Several rabbis in the Talmud bore this name, the most well-known being a disciple of Shmuel (fl. late 3rd century).
• Hillel, son of Gamaliel III (fl. early 3rd century), disciple and grandson of Judah ha-Nasi, and younger brother of Judah II (Judah Nesiah).
• Hillel II (fl. c. 360). Creator of the present-day Hebrew calendar. Son and successor as Nasi of Judah Nesiah, grandson of Gamaliel IV.
• Rav Huna (d. 297), disciple of Rav and Shmuel. Dean of the Yeshiva at Sura.
• Joshua ben Levi (early 3rd century), headed the school of Lydda.
• Judah II (fl. early 3rd century), disciple and grandson of Judah ha-Nasi, and son and successor of Gamaliel III as Nasi. Sometimes called Rabbi Judah Nesi'ah, and occasionally Rebbi like his grandfather.
• Judah III (d. early 4th century), disciple of Johanan bar Nappaha. Son and successor of Gamaliel IV as Nasi, and grandson of Judah II.
• Rav Nachman bar Yaakov (d. 320), disciple of Rav, Shmuel, and Rabbah bar Avuha. Did not head his own Yeshiva, but was a regular participant in the discussions at the Yeshivot of Sura and Mahuza.
• Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak (d. 356), disciple of Abaye and Rava. Dean of the Yeshiva at Pumbedita.
• Rav Papa (d. 371 or 375), disciple of Abaye and Rava. Dean of the Yeshiva at Naresh.
• Rabbah (d. 320, disciple of Rav Huna and Rav Yehudah. Dean of the Yeshiva at Pumbedita.
• Rava (d. 352), disciple of Rabbah, Rav Yosef, and Rav Nachman bar Yitzchak. Dean of the Yeshiva at Mahuza.
• Ravina I (d. 421), disciple of Abaye and Rava. Colleague of Rav Ashi in the Yeshiva at Mata Mehasia, where he assisted in the redaction of the Babylonian Talmud.
• Ravina II (d. 475 or 500), disciple of Ravina I and Rav Ashi. Dean of the Yeshiva at Sura. Completed the redaction of the Babylonian Talmud.
• Resh Lakish (d. late 3rd century), disciple of Rabbi Yannai and others, and colleague of Rabbi Johanan.
• Shmuel (Talmud) (d. 254), disciple of Judah ha-Nasi and others. Dean of the Yeshiva at Pumbedita.
• Rav Yehudah (d. 299), disciple of Rav and Shmuel. Dean of the Yeshiva at Pumbedita.
• Rabbi Yochanan (d. 279 or 289), disciple of Judah ha-Nasi and Rabbi Yannai. Dean of the Yeshiva at Tiberias. Primary author of the Jerusalem Talmud.
• Rav Yosef (d. 323), disciple of Rav Huna and Rav Yehudah. Dean of the Yeshiva at Pumbedita.

[edit] External link

• Gemara in the Talmud Map – University of Calgary

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