Antonov An-225
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| An-225 Mriya | |
|---|---|
 | |
| An-225 carrying the Shuttle Buran | |
| Type | Strategic airlifter |
| Manufacturer | Antonov |
| Maiden flight | 1988-12-21 |
| Status | Active service |
| Primary user | Antonov Airlines (1) |
| Produced | 1988 |
| Number built | 1 (second partially built) |
The An-225 Mriya (Антонов Ан-225 Мрія, NATO reporting name: Cossack) is a strategic airlift transport aircraft which was built by Antonov, and is currently the world's largest powered aircraft. The design, built to transport the Buran orbiter, was an enlargement of the successful An-124 Ruslan. Mriya (Мрія) means "dream" (inspiration) in Ukrainian.
With a maximum gross weight of 640 ton (1,411,000 lb), the An-225 is the world's heaviest aircraft. The Hughes H-4 Hercules, known to most as the "Spruce Goose", had a larger wingspan but only flew once; the An-225 is the largest aircraft in the world to take off multiple times.<ref name="avzone">Antonov An-225 Mryia (Cossack). The Aviation Zone.</ref> The An-225 is also larger than the Airbus A380, and like the An-124 is larger than the C-5 Galaxy, the nearest equivalent heavy airlifter.
In November 2004, FAI placed the An-225 in the Guinness Book of Records for its 240 records.
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[edit] Development
The An-225 was designed for the Soviet space program as a replacement for the Myasishchev VM-T. Able to airlift the Energia rocket's boosters and the Buran space shuttle, its mission and objectives are almost identical to that of the Airbus Beluga and the United States' Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.<ref name="goebel">Greg Goebel. Antonov An-225 Mriya ("Cossack"). The Antonov Giants: An-22, An-124, & An-225. Retrieved on 2006-02-18.</ref>
The An-225 is an extension of Antonov's earlier An-124. To meet the needs of its new role, fuselage barrel extensions were added fore and aft of the wings, which received root extensions.<ref name="goebel"/> Two more Lotarev D-18 turbofan engines were added on the new wing roots, bringing the total to six, and an increased-capacity landing gear system with 32 wheels was designed. The An-124’s rear cargo door and ramp were removed to save weight, and the empennage was changed from a single vertical stabilizer to a twin tail with an oversized horizontal stabilizer. The twin tail was made necessary by the requirement to carry very large and heavy external loads, which would disturb the aerodynamics of a conventional tail. Unlike the An-124, the An-225 was not intended for tactical airlifting and is not designed for short-field operation.<ref name="goebel"/>
The An-225 first flew on December 21 1988. Two aircraft were built, but only one An-225 (tail number UR-82060) is currently in service. It is commercially available for carrying ultra heavy and/or oversize freight, up to 250,000 kg (550,000 lb) internally<ref name="goebel"/> or 200,000 kg (440,000 lb).<ref name="antonov">Mriya. Antonov ASTC. Retrieved on 2004-05-27.</ref> A second An-225 was partially built during the late 1980s, in connection with the Soviet space program. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990, and the cancellation of the Buran space program, the lone operational An-225 was placed in storage, its engines removed for use on An-124s. The second An-225 airframe, nearing completion and awaiting engines, was also mothballed.
[edit] Operational service
Image:AN225down.jpg Image:An-225-manchester-2006.jpg
In the late 1980s efforts were begun by the Soviet government to generate revenue from its military assets.
In 1989 a holding company was set up by the Antonov Design Bureau as a heavy airlift shipping corporation under the name "Antonov Airlines", based in Kiev, Ukraine and operating from London Luton Airport in partnership with Air Foyle HeavyLift.<ref name="antonov"/><ref name="goleta">An-225 Mriya, Nato: Cossack. Goleta Air & Space Museum. Retrieved on 2004-03-31.</ref>.
The company initiated operations with a fleet of four An-124-100s and three Antonov An-12s, but by the late 1990s it was apparent that there was a need for aircraft larger than the An-124.
In response to this need, the original An-225 was re-engined, modified for heavy cargo transportation, and placed back in service under the management of Antonov Airlines.
On 26 May 2001, the An-225 received its type certificate from the Interstate Aviation Committee Aviation Register (IAC AR).<ref name="airfoyle">Antonov Airlines: News.</ref> The type's first flight in commercial service departed from Stuttgart, Germany on January 3, 2002, flying to Thumrait, Oman with 216,000 prepared meals for American military personnel based in the region. This vast quantity of ready meals was transported on some 375 pallets and weighed a total 187.5 tons.<ref name=airfoyle2>Antonov Airlines:An-225 Mriya.</ref> Since then the An-225 has become the major workhorse of the Antonov Airlines fleet, transporting objects once thought impossible to move by air, such as locomotives, and 150 ton generators, as well as becoming a valuable asset to international relief organizations for its ability to quickly transport huge quantities of emergency supplies during disaster relief operations.<ref name="aircraft info">Antonov An-225. Aircraft-Info.net. Retrieved on 2004-02-15.</ref> By 2000 it had become apparent that the demand for the An-225 had exceeded the airline's capacity to book, and in 2004 the decision was made to complete the second An-225. This should be accomplished by mid-2006, with certification expected later in 2006.<ref name="goleta"/>
Beginning June 2003, the An-225, along with An-124s, delivered over 800 tonnes of equipment to aid humanitarian efforts in Iraq.<ref name="milzone">The World’s Largest Aeroplanes. Military Zone - British Council. Retrieved on 2004-10-14.</ref> The An-225 has also been contracted by the U.S. government to transport military supplies to the Middle East in support of Coalition forces.<ref name="aircraft info"/> American use of a Soviet-designed aircraft can be seen as a testament to the success of Soviet heavy lift design, as no comparable U.S. aircraft has ever been developed. The U.S. government is currently considering a long term contract with Antonov Airlines for the additional production and use of ten An-124s and one An-225, which could be operated considerably cheaper than the six smaller C-17s originally proposed for the same duties.
[edit] Use as a launch platform
Design work is currently under way to use the aircraft as a flying launch system for future aerospace systems. One of the most promising projects is the MAKS joint Russian/Ukrainian multipurpose aerospace system.<ref name="avzone"/> When used as a space vehicle air launcher, the aircraft will be fitted with the equipment required for prelaunch preparation of aerospace systems. Implementation of these projects will considerably reduce the cost of transporting payloads into space.<ref name="goleta"/>
[edit] Specifications (An-225)
Data from Vectorsite<ref name="goebel"/>, Antonov's Heavy Transports<ref name="aht">Gordon, Yefim (2004). Antonov's Heavy Transports: Big Lifters for War & Peace. Midland Publishing. ISBN 1-85780-182-2.</ref>
General characteristics<h3>
- Crew: 6
- Capacity: 70 passengers
- Payload: 250,000 kg (551,000 lb)
- Door dimensions: 440 x 640 cm (14.4 x 21.0 ft)
- Length: 84 m (276 ft)
- Wingspan: 88.40 m (291 ft 2 in)
- Height: 18.1 m (59.3 ft)
- Wing area: 905.0 m² (9,741 ft²)
- Empty weight: 175,000 kg (385,800 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 640,000 kg (1,411,000 lb)
- Powerplant: 6× ZMKB Progress D-18 turbofans, 229 kN (51,600 lbf) each
- Takeoff run: 3,500 m (11,500 ft) with maximum payload
<h3>Performance<h3>
- Maximum speed: 850 km/h (460 knots, 530 mph)
- Cruise speed: 750 km/h (400 knots, 465 mph)
- Range:
- With maximum fuel: 14,000 km (8,700 mi)
- With maximum payload: 4,000 km (2,500 mi)
- Service ceiling: 10,000 m (33,000 ft)
- Wing loading: 662.9 kg/m² (135.5 lb/ft²)
- Thrust/weight: 0.234
[edit] References
<references/>
[edit] External links
- Official website
- Aviation.ru
- An-225 - buran-energia.com
- Antonov An-225
- An-225
- Payloads
- An-225 photos
- Aircraft-Info.net - Antonov An-225 Mryia
- Antonov_225_Mriya.kmz .kmz file for Google Earth, marking an An-225 at Gostomel Airport
[edit] Related content
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
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Related development<h3>
<h3>Comparable aircraft<h3>- C-5 Galaxy
- Convair XC-99
- Airbus A380F
- Airbus Beluga
- Myasishchev VM-T
- Boeing 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
- List of cargo aircraft
- List of civil aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS
- List of large aircraft
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