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Antineoplastics (or "antitumor antibiotics", or "noncovalent DNA-binding drugs", or "cytotoxic antibiotics", see also neoplastics) are drugs that inhibit and combat the development of tumors.

In the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, they are classified under L01D.

[edit] Modes of action

Antineoplastics work by:

• Inhibiting topoisomerase II which stops DNA being unwound, which is required for both DNA replication and RNA/protein synthesis.
• Generating free radicals.

They are products of various strains of the soil fungus Streptomyces.

[edit] Examples

• actinomycin (L01DA01).
  • The most important immunosuppressant from this group is dactinomycin, which is used to in kidney transplantations.
• anthracyclines
  • doxorubicin (L01DB01)
  • daunorubicin (L01DB02)
  • epirubicin (L01DB03), which also inhibit topoisomerase II)
• other cytotoxic antibiotics
  • bleomycin (L01DC01). Bleomycin acts in unique way through oxidation of a DNA-bleomycin-Fe(II) complex and forming free radicals, which induce damage and chromosomal aberrations.
  • plicamycin (L01DC02)
  • mitomycin (L01DC03)

[edit] External links

• University of Nebraska
• Formulary by category
• Generics

Chemotherapeutic agents/Antineoplastic agents (L01) edit - Chemotherapy regimens
Alkylating agents:	Nitrogen mustards: ( Chlorambucil, Chlormethine, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan). Nitrosoureas: ( Carmustine, Fotemustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin). Platinum: ( Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, BBR3464). Busulfan, Dacarbazine, Mechlorethamine, Procarbazine, Temozolomide, ThioTEPA, Uramustine
Antimetabolites:	Folic acid: ( Methotrexate, Pemetrexed, Raltitrexed). Purine: ( Cladribine, Clofarabine, Fludarabine, Mercaptopurine, Tioguanine). Pyrimidine: ( Capecitabine). Cytarabine, Fluorouracil, Gemcitabine
Plant alkaloids:	Taxane: ( Docetaxel, Paclitaxel). Vinca: ( Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, Vinorelbine).
Cytotoxic/antitumor antibiotics:	Anthracycline family: (Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone, Valrubicin). Bleomycin, Hydroxyurea, Mitomycin
Topoisomerase inhibitors:	Topotecan, Irinotecan, Podophyllum: ( Etoposide, Teniposide).
Monoclonal antibodies:	Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, Gemtuzumab, Panitumumab, Rituximab, Trastuzumab
Photosensitizers:	Aminolevulinic acid, Methyl aminolevulinate, Porfimer sodium, Verteporfin
Kinase inhibitors:	Dasatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Imatinib, Lapatinib, Nilotinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib (ZD6474)
Other:	Alitretinoin, Altretamine, Amsacrine, Anagrelide, Arsenic trioxide, Asparaginase, Bexarotene, Bortezomib, Denileukin diftitox, Estramustine, Hydroxycarbamide, Pentostatin, Masoprocol, Mitotane, Pegaspargase, Tretinoin