April 3
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April 3 is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 272 days remaining.
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[edit] Events
- 1077 - Creation of the first Parliament of Friuli.
- 1559 - The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis treaty is signed, ending the Italian Wars.
- 1860 - The first successful Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins, and is completed on April 13.
- 1865 - American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America.
- 1882 - American Old West outlaw Jesse James is shot in the back and killed in Saint Joseph, Missouri by Robert Ford for a $5,000 reward.
- 1885 - Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German patent for his engine design.
- 1895 - The libel trial instigated by Oscar Wilde against the Marquess of Queensbury begins, eventually resulting in Wilde's arrest, trial and imprisonment on charges of homosexuality.
- 1896 - The first publication of La Gazzetta dello Sport newspaper in Italy.
- 1917 - Vladimir Lenin arrives at Finland Railway Station in Russia from exile, marking the beginning of Bolshevik leadership in the Russian Revolution.
- 1922 - Joseph Stalin became the first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
- 1929 - RMS Queen Mary is ordered from John Brown & Company Shipbuilding and Engineering by Cunard Line.
- 1933 - Unsuccessful boycott of Jewish stores in Nazi Germany.
- 1936 - Richard Bruno Hauptmann is executed for the kidnapping and death of Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, the baby son of Anne and world-famous pilot Charles Lindbergh.
- 1941 - Hungarian and German troops march into Yugoslavia.
- 1942 - World War II: Japanese forces begin an all-out assault on the United States and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula. Bataan falls on April 9 and the Bataan Death March began.
- 1946 - Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed outside Manila in the Philippines for leading the Bataan Death March.
- 1948 - President Harry Truman signs the Marshall Plan which authorizes $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.
- 1948 - In Jeju, South Korea, locals simultaneously raid the island's police stations, marking the start of a civil-war-like period of violence and human rights abuses known as the Jeju massacre.
- 1953 - TV Guide debuts.
- 1955 - The American Civil Liberties Union announces it will defend Allen Ginsberg's book Howl against obscenity charges.
- 1956 - Elvis Presley sings "Heartbreak Hotel" on the Milton Berle Show, with an estimated 25% of the United States population viewing.
- 1956 - The western part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan is struck by a deadly F5 tornado (known as the Standale Tornado).
- 1968 - Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech.
- 1969 - Vietnam War: U.S. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announces that the United States will start to "Vietnamize" the war effort.
- 1973 - The first portable cell phone call is placed in New York City.
- 1974 - The Super Outbreak occurs, with 148 tornadoes affecting 13 U.S. states and 1 Canadian province in 18 hours, the biggest tornado outbreak in recorded history. The death toll is 315, with nearly 5,500 injured.
- 1975 - Bobby Fischer refuses to play in a chess match against Anatoly Karpov, giving Karpov the title.
- 1996 - Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski is arrested at his Montana cabin.
- 1996 - An United States Air Force 737 carrying United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown crashes in Croatia, killing all 35 on-board.
- 1997 - Thalit massacre begins in Algeria; all but 1 of the 53 inhabitants of Thalit are killed by guerrillas.
- 2000 - United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.
- 2004 - Islamist terrorists involved in the 11 March 2004 Madrid attacks are trapped by the police in their apartment and kill themselves with explosives.
- 2006 - At Dover AFB in Delaware, a C-5 Galaxy crashed after takeoff injuring 17 people onboard.
[edit] Births
- 1151 - Igor Svyatoslavich, Russian prince (d. 1202)
- 1245 - King Philip III of France (d. 1285)
- 1367 - King Henry IV of England (d. 1413)
- 1529 - Michael Neander, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1581)
- 1593 - George Herbert, English poet and orator (d. 1633)
- 1639 - Alessandro Stradella, Italian composer (d. 1682)
- 1643 - Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine, general of the Holy Roman Empire (d. 1690)
- 1683 - Mark Catesby, English naturalist (d. 1749)
- 1693 - George Edwards, English naturalist (d. 1773)
- 1715 - John Hanson, American delegate to the Continental Congress (d. 1783)
- 1715 - William Watson, English physician and scientist (d. 1787)
- 1764 - John Abernathy, English surgeon (d. 1831)
- 1769 - Christian Gunther von Bernstorff, Danish and Prussian statesman and diplomat (d. 1835)
- 1781 - Bhagwan Swaminarayan
- 1783 - Washington Irving, American author (d. 1859)
- 1806 - Ivan Kireevsky, Russian literary critic and philosopher (d. 1856)
- 1814 - Lorenzo Snow, 5th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (the LDS or Mormon Church) (d. 1901)
- 1821 - T. Pelham Dale, Anglican clergyman prosecuted for Ritualist practices in the 1870s (d. 1892)
- 1822 - Edward Everett Hale, American writer (d. 1909)
- 1823 - William Marcy Tweed, American political boss (d. 1878)
- 1880 - Otto Weininger, Austrian philosopher (d. 1903)
- 1881 - Alcide De Gasperi, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1954)
- 1885 - Allan Dwan, Canadian-born American film director (d. 1981)
- 1889 - Grigoraş Dinicu, Romanian composer and violinist (d. 1949)
- 1893 - Leslie Howard, English actor (d. 1943)
- 1895 - Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Italian composer (d. 1968)
- 1898 - George Jessel, American comedian (d. 1981)
- 1898 - Henry Luce, American publisher (d. 1967)
- 1904 - Iron Eyes Cody, American actor (d. 1999)
- 1905 - Robert Frederick Sink, United States Army Officer (d. 1965)
- 1913 - Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
- 1916 - Herb Caen, American newspaper columnist (d. 1997)
- 1921 - Jan Sterling, American actress (d. 2004)
- 1924 - Marlon Brando, American actor (d. 2004)
- 1924 - Doris Day, American actress
- 1925 - Tony Benn, British politician
- 1926 - Gus Grissom, astronaut (d. 1967)
- 1926 - Alex Grammas, baseball player
- 1928 - Don Gibson, American country musician (d. 2003)
- 1928 - Kevin Hagen, American actor (d. 2005)
- 1929 - Miyoshi Umeki, Japanese actress
- 1930 - Lawton Chiles, U.S. Senator from Florida and Governor of Florida (d. 1998)
- 1930 - Helmut Kohl, Chancellor of Germany
- 1930 - Wally Moon, baseball player
- 1934 - Jane Goodall, English zoologist
- 1936 - Scott LaFaro, American musician (d. 1961)
- 1938 - Jeff Barry, American songwriter and record producer
- 1941 - Eric Braeden, German-born actor
- 1941 - Philippe Wynne, American musician (d. 1984)
- 1941 - Jan Berry, American musician (Jan and Dean) (d. 2004)
- 1942 - Marek Perepeczko, Polish actor (d. 2005)
- 1942 - Marsha Mason, American actress
- 1942 - Wayne Newton, American singer
- 1942 - Billy Joe Royal, American singer
- 1943 - Jonathan Lynn, British actor and comedy writer
- 1943 - Richard Manuel, Canadian musician and songwriter (d. 1986)
- 1944 - Tony Orlando, American musician
- 1948 - Carlos Salinas, President of Mexico
- 1949 - Richard Thompson, British musician and songwriter
- 1949 - Lyle Alzado, American football player
- 1954 - Elisabetta Brusa, Italian composer
- 1956 - Ray Combs, American game show host and comedian (d. 1996)
- 1958 - Alec Baldwin, American actor
- 1959 - David Hyde Pierce, American actor
- 1960 - Arjen Anthony Lucassen, Dutch musician (Ayreon)
- 1961 - Eddie Murphy, American actor and comedian
- 1962 - Mike Ness, American musician (Social Distortion)
- 1964 - Bjarne Riis, Danish cyclist
- 1966 - Miina Tominaga, Japanese seiyu (voice actress)
- 1968 - Sebastian Bach, Canadian musician (Skid Row)
- 1968 - Charlotte Coleman, British television actress (d. 2001)
- 1968 - Jamie Hewlett, British illustrator (Tank Girl and Gorillaz)
- 1969 - Lance Storm, Wrestler
- 1970 - Sticky Fingaz, American rapper and actor
- 1972 - Jennie Garth, American actress
- 1973 - Matthew Ferguson, Canadian actor
- 1975 - Michael Olowokandi, Nigerian basketball player
- 1975 - Mickey Beyer-Clausen, Danish entrepreneur and philanthropist
- 1975 - Shawn Bates, American ice hockey player
- 1976 - Drew Shirley, American musician (Switchfoot)
- 1976 - Will Mellor, British actor
- 1981 - Aaron Bertram, American musician, Suburban Legends
- 1982 - Fler, German rapper
- 1982 - Cobie Smulders, Canadian actress
- 1986 - Amanda Bynes, American actress
[edit] Deaths
- 33 - Jesus, central figure of Christianity (traditional dating) (b. 1 BC, traditionally)
- 963 - William III, Duke of Aquitaine (b. 915)
- 1287 - Pope Honorius IV
- 1350 - Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1295)
- 1606 - Charles Blount, 1st Earl of Devon, English politician (b. 1563)
- 1680 - Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire (b. 1630)
- 1682 - Bartolomé Estéban Murillo, Spanish painter (b. 1618)
- 1691 - Jean Petitot, Swiss enamel painter (b. 1608)
- 1695 - Melchior d'Hondecoeter, Dutch painter
- 1717 - Jacques Ozanam, French mathematician (b. 1640)
- 1728 - James Anderson, Scottish lawyer (b. 1662)
- 1792 - George Pocock, British admiral (b. 1706)
- 1792 - John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, English statesman (b. 1718)
- 1827 - Ernst Chladni, German physicist (b. 1856)
- 1849 - Juliusz Słowacki, Polish poet (b. 1809)
- 1868 - Franz Berwald, Swedish composer and inventor (b. 1796)
- 1882 - Jesse James, American outlaw (b. 1847)
- 1897 - Johannes Brahms, German composer (b. 1833)
- 1901 - Richard D'Oyly Carte, British impresario (b. 1844)
- 1931 - Andre Michelin, French tire manufacturer (b. 1853)
- 1932 - Wilhelm Ostwald, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1853)
- 1936 - Bruno Hauptmann, German killer of Charles Lindbergh III (b. 1899)
- 1950 - Kurt Weill, German composer (b. 1900)
- 1952 - Miina Sillanpää, Finnish politician, first female Finnish minister (b. 1866)
- 1965 - Ernst Kirchweger, Austrian communist and resistance fighter
- 1971 - Joseph Valachi, American gangster (b. 1904)
- 1972 - Ferde Grofé, American composer (b. 1882)
- 1982 - Warren Oates, American character actor (b. 1928)
- 1986 - Peter Pears, English tenor (b. 1910)
- 1987 - Tom Sestak, American football player (b. 1936)
- 1990 - Sarah Vaughan, American singer (b. 1924)
- 1991 - Graham Greene, English writer (b. 1904)
- 1991 - Charles Goren, American bridge player, writer, and columnist (b. 1901)
- 1993 - Pinky Lee, American children's television host (b. 1907)
- 1996 - Ron Brown, U.S. Secretary of Commerce (b. 1941)
- 1996 - Carl Stokes, Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio (b. 1927)
- 1998 - Rob Pilatus, American entertainer and criminal (Milli Vanilli) (b. 1965)
- 1998 - Mary Cartwright, English mathematician (b. 1900)
- 2000 - Terence McKenna, American writer and philosopher (b. 1946)
- 2002 - Frank Tovey (aka Fad Gadget), British singer and musician (b. 1956)
- 2005 - Tony Croatto, Italian-born singer (b. 1940)
[edit] Holidays and observances
- Sizdah be dar (Outdoor thirteen). In Iran, people play jokes on each other on April 3, the thirteenth day of the Persian calendar new year (Norooz).
[edit] Liturgical feasts
- Saint Agape (died 304)
- Saint Richard (d.1253)
- Saint Sixtus I
[edit] External links
April 2 - April 4 - March 3 - May 3 -- listing of all days
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