Artaxerxes
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Artaxerxes (the Greek form of Old Persian Artaxšaϑra) was the name of several rulers of the Achaemenid dynasty of Persia:
- Artaxerxes I
- Artaxerxes II
- Artaxerxes III
- According to the Xanthus trilingue and sherds from Samaria, Arses of Persia took the royal title of "Artaxerxes IV"
- Bessus, the Persian nobleman who allegedly murdered Darius III the Great of Persia, renamed himself Artaxerxes V) when he claimed the throne
- The leader of the Sassanids, in 227 the king of the Parthian Empire, was named Ardashir, but was called Artaxerxes as a nickname by the Greeks and Romans of the time.
[edit] Etymology
The name's original Old Persian form is Artakhshatra = "Law-king".
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