Bàng-uâ-cê
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Bàng-uâ-cê (BUC) (Chinese characters: 平話字) is a romanized writing system for the Fuzhou dialect invented in the middle of 19th century by Western missionaries. Though Bàng-uâ-cê was exclusively invented for the Fuzhou dialect, the name Bàng-uâ (Chinese Characters: 平話) is, however, used by the native speakers of both the Fuzhou and Ningde dialects, which are closely related.
In the Min Dong language, Bàng-uâ means the language that is spoken in everyday life. In this respect, Pe̍h-ōe-jī serves as its counterpart for Min Nan.
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[edit] History and status quo
After Fuzhou became one of the five Chinese treaty ports opened by the Treaty of Nanjing at the end of First Opium War (from 1839 to 1842), many Western missionaries arrived in in the city. In order to preach effectively these missionaries had to learn the Fuzhou dialect, and to facilitate this (and communication with their congregations) they invented a new romanization writing system for it.
Because there are three front rounded vowels in the Fuzhou dialect (IPA: /y/, /ø/ and /œ/), the letters of the default Latin alphabet were considered insufficient to render all the phonemes in the Fuzhou dialect. Therefore, they borrowed German umlaut letters "Ä", "Ö" and "Ü", and invented a new letter "Ë". "Ä", "Ë", "Ö" and "Ü" stand for /ɛ/, /ø/, /ɔ/, and /y/ respectively.
Later, the two points were shifted to underneath the letters as "A̤" "E̤" "O̤" "Ṳ", so that the tone symbols could be marked on top of the letters. This modification brought the BUC romanization scheme to its current form.
[edit] Romanization scheme
The sample characters are taken from the phonetics book Qīlínbāyīn (《戚林八音》, BUC: Chék-lìng-báik-ĭng), a renowned phonology book about the Fuzhou dialect written in the Qing Dynasty. The pronunciations are recorded in standard IPA symbols.
[edit] Initials
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[edit] Rimes
[edit] Rimes without codas
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[edit] Rimes with coda [-ʔ]
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[edit] Rimes with codas [-ŋ] and [-k]
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[edit] Tones
| Name | Tonal value | BUC symbol | Example |
| Yīnpíng (陰平, BUC: Ĭng-bìng) | 55 | ˘ | 君 Gŭng |
| Shǎngshēng (上聲, BUC: Siōng-sĭng) | 33 | - | 滾 Gūng |
| Yīnqù (陰去, BUC: Ĭng-ké̤ṳ) | 213 | ˊ | 貢 Góng |
| Yīnrù (陰入, BUC: Ĭng-ĭk) | 24 | ˊ | 谷 Gók |
| Yángpíng (陽平, BUC: Iòng-bìng) | 53 | ` | 群 Gùng |
| Yángqù (陽去, BUC: Iòng-ké̤ṳ) | 242 | ^ | 郡 Gông |
| Yángrù (陽入, BUC: Iòng-ĭk) | 5 | ˘ | 掘 Gŭk |
[edit] Sample text
See the Min Dong Wikipedia.
[edit] Books published
- Dictionary of the Foochow Dialect
- The Old and the New Testament
- The New Testament
- Matthew's Gospel
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- SĬNG GÔ IÓK CIÒNG CṲ̆: The Old and the New Testament, in romanized BUC.
- SĬNG IÓK CṲ̆: The New Testament, in romanized BUC.
- MĀ-TÁI HÓK-ĬNG: Matthew's Gospel, in romanized BUC.cdo:Bàng-uâ-cê
