Bhajan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A bhajan or kirtan is basically a Hindu or Sikh devotional song, often of ancient origin. Great importance is attributed to the singing of bhajans within the Bhakti. It is also one of the paths of Sikhism and in that context refers to the singing of the Sacred Hymns from the Sri Guru Granth Sahib, or "SGGS". The Sikhs place huge value on this type of singing and a Sikh is duty bound to listen to and/or sing Guru-Kirtan as frequently as possible. In Surat Shabd Yoga, bhajan means listening to the inner sounds of the Shabd or the Shabd Master.

Music of India: Topics

Bhavageete	Janapada Geete
Bhakti Music	Bhajane
Bhangra	Filmi
Lavani	Ghazal
Baul sangeet	Sufi music (Qawwali)

Timeline and Samples

Genres

Classical (Carnatic and Hindustani) - Rock - Pop - Hip hop

Awards

Bollywood Music Awards - Punjabi Music Awards

Charts

Festivals

Purandaradasa Aradhane – Kanakadasa Aradhane – Hampi Sangeetotsava – Sangeet Natak Akademi – Thyagaraja Aradhana – Cleveland Thyagaraja Aradhana

Media

Sruti, The Music Magazine

National anthem

"Jana Gana Mana", also national song "Vande Mataram"

Music of the states

Andaman and Nicobar Islands - Andhra Pradesh – Arunachal Pradesh – Assam – Bihar – Chhattisgarh – Goa – Gujarat – Haryana – Himachal Pradesh – Jammu – Jharkhand – Karnataka – Kashmir – Kerala – Madhya Pradesh – Maharashtra – Manipur – Meghalaya – Mizoram – Nagaland – Orissa – Punjab – Rajasthan – Sikkim – Tamil Nadu – Tripura – Uttar Pradesh – Uttaranchal – West Bengal

Kirtans are deeply rooted in the Vedic tradition. Bhajans are simple songs in soulful language expressing the many-splendored emotions of love for God; a complete submission or self-surrender to Him through singing.

Traditionally, the music has been Indian classical music, which is based on ragas and tala (rhythmic beat patterns) played on the Veena (or Been), Sarangi Venu (flute), Mridanga(or Tabla) (traditional Indian instruments). The Sikh Scripture contains 31 ragas and 17 talas which form the basis for kirtan music compositions.

1 Mantras and Prayers
2 History and Origin
3 Types of Bhajans
4 Great Exponents
5 Popularity with the Masses
- 5.1 Modern Forms
- 5.2 Mixture of Modern and traditional forms
6 Usage in Surat Shabd Yoga
7 See also
8 External links
- 8.1 Hindu Tradition
- 8.2 General

[edit] Mantras and Prayers

A mantra is a sacred syllable, word or verse, often rooted in sanskrit or revealed to a sage in deep meditation. A mantra, when recited with devotion, concentration and understanding, revitalizes the body and mind with mystic power, and harmonizes thought and action.

A mantra, when repeated constantly during meditation, first loudly and then through silent and mental chanting, relieving the mind of any stress.

Prayer is uplifting inspiring and fascinating for the mind and it has great power. Therefore, it is very important that each of you learns to pray. Through prayer you purify your mind and gain spiritual strength. Thus prayer is the foundation of success.

[edit] History and Origin

The groundwork for the bhajans was laid in the hymns found in Sama Veda, the third Veda in the Hindu scriptures. They are distinguished from the Sanskrit shlokas by virtue of their easy, lilting flow, their colloquial renderings and their profound appeal to the masses. Bhajans are sung in a group of devotees, with a designated lead singer. The simple tunes, repetition of words (particularly the various Names with which God is addressed) and phrases lend the hymns a kind of tonal mesmerism. Anecdotes, episodes from the lives of Gods, preachings of saints and descriptions of God's glories have been the subject of bhajans. The Dhrupad style is a famous form of bhajan. Another well-known form of the bhajan is the keertan/kirtan, or, song in the Haridas tradition.

[edit] Types of Bhajans

A look into the past reveals that bhajans as a genre have come a long way; weaving a home for themselves into the core of human hearts. Traditions of bhajan — singing, such as Nirguni, Gorakhanathi, Vallabhapanthi, Ashtachhap and Madhura-bhakti, have been formed over the ages. Each sect has their own sets of bhajans and methods of singing.

The traditional form of bhajan in south india is known as Sampradya Bhajans. In the past few decades, this has seen a lot of upswing in popularity thanks mainly to Swami Haridhos Giri^{[citation needed]}.

[edit] Great Exponents

The medieval age saw devotees like Tulsidas, Surdas, Meera, Narottama Dasa (founder of Garan-hati style), Kabir and others composing bhajans. In the modern times, composers like Pt. V. D. Paluskar and Pt. V. N. Bhatkhande have tried to mingle Raga Sangeet or Indian classical music - which had been an exclusive domain of the elite - with bhajans, thereby democratizing the Raga tradition. Chanting of bhajans and kirtan continues to be a favorite mode of worship in the Bhakti tradition of Hinduism, a tradition often regarded as far more accessible to the average person. This popularity is also reflected in the emphasis of many different gurus on chanting. For instance, devotees of Sathya Sai Baba of Puttaparthi all over the world perform bhajans on every Thursday (and Saturday or Sunday) wherein they refer to God with various names, such as: Rama, Krishna, Waheguru, Buddha, Mahavir, Zoroaster, Jesus, Sathya Sai Baba himself, and other names.

[edit] Popularity with the Masses

The common masses indulge in bhajan-singing without realizing that such traditional methods of invoking the divine can have a tremendous stress-removing impact. Bhajan mandalis, or gatherings, that have existed in the Indian villages since the beginning of the Bhakti era, have proved to be great social levelers, where individuals unhesitatingly participate in the singing, relegating their petty differences to the background. This participatory action elicits recreation and consequently a kind of mental relaxation. They close their eyes to ensure that they concentrate on God and nothing else.

[edit] Modern Forms

While most Hindus devoutly sing bhajan in its more traditional form, there are smaller groups that experiment with incorporation of non-Indian instruments like the guitar and interspersing Western themes like jazz.

[edit] Mixture of Modern and traditional forms

Bhajan in a traditional form popularised by the name "Sringeri Bhajans" and "Jyothirbhajan" since 50 years by Sri.R.V.Krishnabhat in Bangalore besides his teacher profession. Bhajans with the flavour of classical ragas and touch of tala perfection is the speciality of Sringeri bhajans. It also has mix of modern bhajans, kirtans and traditional bhajans. Jyothirbhajan is the most important part of it which has gained popularity besides the usual bhajans.

[edit] Usage in Surat Shabd Yoga

In Surat Shabd Yoga, the spiritual exercises (sadhanas) include repetition, particularly silent repetition of a mantra given at initiation), and bhajan (listening to the inner sounds of the or the Shabd Master).