Boehm system (clarinet)
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The Boehm system for the clarinet is a system of clarinet keywork, developed between 1839 and 1843 by Hyacinthe Klosé and Auguste Buffet. The name is somewhat deceptive; the system was inspired by Theobald Boehm's system for the flute, but differs from it (necessarily, since the clarinet overblows at the twelfth rather than the flute's octave), and Boehm himself was not involved in its development.
Klose took the standard soprano clarinet, adapted the ring and axle keywork system to correct serious intonation issues on both the upper and lower joints of the instrument, and added duplicate keys for the left hand and right hand little fingers to simplify several difficult articulations throughout the range of the instrument. The Boehm clarinet was initially most successful in France, but it started displacing the simple system clarinet and its descendants in Belgium, Italy, and America in the 1870s and in England in the 1890s.<ref>Rendall, F. Geoffrey (1971). The Clarinet. Ernest Benn Limited, 99. (Third Edition)</ref> <ref>Baines, Anthony (1991). Woodwind Instruments and Their History. Dover, 320-323. (republication of third edition, 1967, as reprinted with corrections, 1977)</ref> By the early twentieth century, virtually all clarinets used by performers outside of Germany, Austria, and Russia were of the Boehm system or one of its derivatives.
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ja:ベーム式 (クラリネット)
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