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C-47 Skytrain

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Douglas C-47 Skytrain
250px
C-47A USAAF Serial #43-48052.
Type Military transport aircraft
Manufacturer Douglas Aircraft Company
Number built >10,000
Variants AC-47 Spooky

The Douglas C-47 Skytrain or Dakota was a military transport that was developed from the Douglas DC-3 airliner.

Contents

[edit] History

During World War II, the armed forces of many countries used the C-47 and modified DC-3s for the transport of troops, cargo and wounded. Over 10,000 aircraft were produced in Long Beach and Santa Monica, California and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The C-47 was vital to the success of many Allied campaigns, in particular those at Guadalcanal and in the jungles of New Guinea and Burma where the C-47 (and its naval version, the R4D) alone made it possible for Allied troops to counter the mobility of the light-travelling Japanese army. Additionally, C-47s were used to airlift supplies to the embattled American forces during the Battle of Bastogne. But possibly its most influential role in military aviation was flying The Hump from India into China where the expertise gain would later be used in the Berlin Airlift in which the C-47 would also play its part.

In Europe, the C-47 and a specialized paratroop variant, the C-53 Skytrooper, were used in vast numbers in the later stages of the war, particularly to tow gliders and drop paratroops. In the Pacific, with careful use of the island landing strips of the Pacific Ocean, C-47s were even used for ferrying soldiers serving in the Pacific theater back to the United States.

C-47s in British and Commonwealth service took the name Dakota. The C-47 also earned the nickname "Gooney Bird" during the European theater of operations.

The USAF Strategic Air Command had C-47 Skytrains in service from 1946 through 1947.

After World War II the U.S. Navy also structurally modified a number of the early Navy R4D aircraft and re-designated the modified aircraft as R4D-8.

The C-47 was used by the Americans in the initial stages of the Berlin Airlift and was subsequently replaced by the C-54.

The Air Force also continued to use the C-47 for various roles, including the AC-47 gunships - code named 'Puff the Magic Dragon' or 'Spooky' - and the EC-47 for counterintelligence during the Vietnam War.

[edit] Variants

Image:DakotaC3.jpg
  • C-47 - Initial military version of DC-3.
  • C-47A - 24-volt electrical system replacing the 12-volt of the C-47.
  • C-47B - R-1830-90 engines with superchargers and extra fuel capacity to cover the China-Burma-India routes.
  • C-47D - C-47B with superchargers removed after the war.
  • C-48 to C-52 - various DC-3s pressed into military service.
  • C-53 - US Army passenger version of the C-47.
  • C-117/C-129 - Super DC-3- Landing gear covers-Enlarged empennage
  • XCG-17 - A glider version of the C-47, intended to be towed by a C-47.

[edit] Units using the C-47 or Militarized DC-3

[edit] United States Army Air Force

Flown by the 438th Troop Carrier Group (87th, 88th, 89th, and 90th Troop Carrier Squadrons) of the 53rd Troop Carrier Wing. The 438th TCG was the lead TCG in the airborne invasion of Normandy June 6, 1944.

[edit] Royal Air Force

The Dakota I was the C-47, the Dakota II the C-53, the Dakota III the C-47A, and the Dakota IV was the C-47B variant.

[edit] Royal Australian Air Force

[edit] Royal Australian Navy

  • No. 723 Squadron RAN
  • No. 724 Squadron RAN
  • No. 725 Squadron RAN
  • No. 851 Squadron RAN

[edit] Royal New Zealand Air Force

[edit] South African Air Force

[edit] Greek Air Force

[edit] Soviet Air Force

The Lisunov Li-2 was a licensed copy of the DC-3, produced in Russia, some 6000 were made between 1939 and 1952<ref>Brouwer, Maarten. Lisunov Li-2 (NATO: Cab). Retrieved on 2006-07-05.</ref>, and presumably operated by the Soviet Union.

[edit] Operators

[edit] Specifications (C-47B)

Image:C-47.gif

General characteristics<h3>
  • Crew: 3
  • Capacity: 28 troops
  • Payload: 6,000 lb (2,700 kg) of cargo
  • Length: 63 ft 9 in (19.43 m)
  • Wingspan: 95 ft 6 in (29.11 m)
  • Height: 17 ft 0 in (5.18 m)
  • Wing area: 987 ft² (91.70 m²)
  • Empty weight: 18,135 lb (8,225 kg)
  • Loaded weight: 26,000 lb (11,800 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 31,000 lb (14,000 kg)
  • Powerplant: 2× Pratt & Whitney R-1830-90C "Twin Wasp" 14-cylinder radial engines, 1,200 hp (895 kW) each
<h3>Performance<h3>


[edit] Notes

<references/>

[edit] References

  • Flintham, V. (1990) Air Wars and Aircraft: A Detailed Record of Air Combat, 1945 to the Present. Facts on File. ISBN 0816023565
  • Francillon, René (1979). McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Since 1920: Volume I. London: Putnam. ISBN 0-87021-428-4.
  • Yenne, Bill (1985). McDonnell Douglas: A Tale of Two Giants. Greenwich, Connecticut: Bison Books. ISBN 0-517-44287-6.

[edit] External links

[edit] Related content

Related development<h3>

<h3>Comparable aircraft<h3> <h3>Designation sequence<h3> <h3>Related lists<h3>

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