Calcitriol
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| Image:Calcitriol.png | |
| Calcitriol
| |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (1R,3S)- 5-[2-[(1R,3aR,7aS)-1- [(2R)-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-heptan-2-yl]- 7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H- inden-4-ylidene]ethylidene]- 4-methylidene-cyclohexane-1,3-diol | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 32222-06-3 |
| ATC code | A11CC04 D05AX03 |
| PubChem | 134070 |
| DrugBank | APRD00246 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C27H44O3 |
| Mol. weight | 416.64 g.mol-1 |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | Renal |
| Half life | 5–8 hours |
| Excretion | Renal |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. | |
| Legal status |
S4 (Au), POM (UK) |
| Routes | Oral, IV, topical |
Calcitriol (INN) (IPA: [kælsɪˈtraɪɒl, kælˈsɪtrɪɒl]) or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (abbreviated 1,25-(OH)2D3) is the active form of vitamin D found in the body (vitamin D3). It is produced in the kidneys by conversion from 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (calcidiol) and regulates calcium levels by increasing the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract. Calcitriol is also commonly used as a medication in the treatment of hypocalcaemia and osteoporosis. Calcitriol is marketed under various trade names including Rocaltrol (Roche) and Calcijex (Abbott).
[edit] Indications
Calcitriol is indicated for:<ref name="AMH2006">Rossi S, editor. Australian Medicines Handbook 2006. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook; 2006. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3</ref>
- Treatment of hypocalcaemia – hypoparathyroidism, osteomalacia (rickets), renal osteodystrophy, chronic renal dialysis
- Treatment of osteoporosis
- Prevention of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis
Calcitriol is also sometimes used topically in the treatment of psoriasis, however the evidence to support its efficacy is inconclusive.<ref name="MicromedexDrugdex">Calcitriol. In: Klasco RK, editor. Drugdex system. vol 128. Greenwood Village (CO): Thomson Micromedex; 2006.</ref> The vitamin D analogue calcipotriol is more commonly used for psoriasis.
[edit] Adverse effects
The main adverse drug reaction associated with calcitriol therapy is hypercalcaemia – early symptoms include: nausea, vomiting, constipation, anorexia, apathy, headache, thirst, sweating, and/or polyuria). Compared to other vitamin D compounds in clinical use (cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol), calcitriol has a higher risk of inducing hypercalcaemia. However, such episodes may be shorter and easier to treat due to its relatively short half-life.<ref name="AMH2006" />
