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Casimir IV Jagiellon
Drawing by Jan Matejko
Reign	June 29 1440-7 June 1492 (Grand Duke of Lithuania) 25 June 1447-7 June 1492 (King of Poland)
Coronation	29 June 1440 in Vilnius Cathedral as Grand Duke of Lithuania 25 June 1447 in Wawel Cathedral as King of Poland
Born	November 30, 1427
	Kraków, Poland
Died	7 June 1492
	Hrodna, modern Belarus
Buried	Wawel Cathedral, Kraków
Consort	Elisabeth of Austria
Issue	Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary Jadwiga Jagiellon St. Casimir Jagiellon John I of Poland Alexander of Poland Zofia Elżbieta Sigismund I the Old Fryderyk] Elżbieta II Anna Barbara of Poland Elżbieta III
Royal House	Jagiellon
Father	Jogaila
Mother	Sophia of Halshany

Casimir IV Jagiellon (Polish: Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk [ka'ʑimi̯ɛʒ jagi̯ɛl'lɔɲʧɨk] (help·info), Lithuanian: Kazimieras Jogailaitis, Belarusian: Kazimir Jahajłavič; 30 November 1427 - 7 June 1492), of the House of Jagiellons, was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440, and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.

He was the second son of King Władysław II Jagiełło (Jogaila), and the younger brother of Władysław III of Varna. As a thirteen-year-old boy, Casimir was invited by Lithuanian nobles under the leadership of John Gasztold to come to Lithuania, and on 29 June 1440 he was installed as Grand Duke of Lithuania without Polish consent.

Casimir succeeded his brother as King of Poland after a three-year interregnum on 25 June 1447. In 1454, he married Elisabeth of Austria, daughter of the late King of the Romans Albert II of Habsburg by his late wife Elisabeth II of Bohemia. Her distant relative Frederick of Hapsburg became Holy Roman Emperor and reigned as Frederick III until after Casimir's own death. The marriage strengthened the ties between the house of Jagiellon and the sovereigns of Hungary-Bohemia and put Casimir at odds with the Holy Roman Emperor through internal Habsburg rivalry.

That same year, Casimir was approached by the Prussian Confederation for aid against the Teutonic Order, which he promised, by the act of incorporation of Prussia to the Polish Kingdom. However, when the cities of Prussia rebelled against the Teutons, the Order resisted with greater strength than expected, and the Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466) ensued. Casimir and the Prussian Confederation defeated the Teutonic Order, taking over its capital at Marienburg (Malbork Castle). In the Peace of Toruń (1466), the Order recognized Polish sovereignty over Royal Prussia and the Polish crown's overlordship over Ducal Prussia.

Elisabeth's only brother Ladislas, king of Bohemia and Hungary, died in 1457, and after that Casimir and Elisabeth's dynastic interests were directed also towards her brother's former kingdoms.

[edit] Children

• Daughter Jadwiga Jagiellon married George the Rich, of the Wittelsbach dynasty of Bavaria. Delegates had gone to Kraków to negotiate the marriage, and their "Landshut Wedding" took place in Bavaria with much pomp and celebration in 1475, starting a tradition which continues to this day.
• Son Casimir was to have married the daughter of Emperor Frederick III, but instead chose a religious life, eventually being canonized as St. Casimir.
• Son Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary combined the thrones of Hungary and Bohemia.
• Other sons John I of Poland, Alexander of Poland and Sigismund I the Old succeeded him in turns as rulers in Poland and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

[edit] See also

• History of Poland (1385-1569)
• History of Lithuania
• Nieszawa Statutes

[edit] External links

• Pages and Forums on the Lithuanian History

Preceded by: Sigismund Kestutian	Grand Prince of Lithuania 1440-1492	Succeeded by: Alexander Jagiellon
Preceded by: Władysław III	King of Poland 1447-1492	Succeeded by: John I of Poland

<tr><th colspan="2">Monarchs of Poland</th></tr> <tr><th>Piast</th><td>Siemowit •Lestko •Siemomysł •Mieszko I •Boleslaw I the Brave •Mieszko II Lambert •Bezprym •Mieszko II Lambert •Casimir I the Restorer •Boleslav II the Bold •Władysław I Herman •Zbigniew of Poland •Bolesław III Wrymouth •Władysław II the Exile •Bolesław IV the Curly •Mieszko III the Old •Casimir II the Just •Leszek I the White •Władysław III Spindleshanks •Władysław Odonic •Mieszko IV Tanglefoot •Konrad I of Masovia •Henry I the Bearded •Henry II the Pious •Konrad I of Masovia •Bolesław V the Chaste •Leszek II the Black •Henryk IV Probus •Premislas II</td></tr> <tr><th>Přemyslid</th><td>Venceslaus II •Wenceslaus III</td></tr> <tr><th>Piast</th><td>Władysław I the Elbow-high •Casimir III the Great</td></tr> <tr><th>Angevin</th><td>Ludwik the Hungarian •Jadwiga Angevin</td></tr> <tr><th>Jagiellon</th><td>Władysław II Jagiełło •Władysław III of Varna •Casimir IV Jagiellon •John I Albert •Alexander Jagiellon •Sigismund I the Old •Sigismund II Augustus</td></tr> <tr><th>Elected</th><td>Henry III of France •Anna Jagiellon •Stefan Batory •Sigismund III Vasa •Władysław IV Vasa •John II Casimir •Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki •John III Sobieski •August II the Strong •Stanisław Leszczyński •Augustus II the Strong •Stanisław Leszczyński •August III the Saxon •Stanisław August Poniatowski</td></tr> be:Казімір Ягелончык

cs:Kazimír IV. Jagellonský de:Kasimir IV. (Polen) et:Kazimierz IV fr:Casimir IV Jagellon lv:Kazimirs IV lt:Kazimieras Jogailaitis hu:IV. Kázmér lengyel király ja:カジミェシュ4世 (ポーランド王) pl:Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk ru:Казимир IV sv:Kasimir IV