Chaim Weizmann
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| Chaim Azriel Weizmann | |
| Image:Weizmann Truman 1948.jpg Harry S. Truman and Chaim Weizmann, May 25, 1948<small/> | |
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| In office February 16 1949 – 9 November 1952 | |
| Preceded by | None |
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| Succeeded by | Yitzhak Ben-Zvi |
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| Born | November 27, 1874 Motal', Russian Empire |
| Died | 9 November 1952 |
| Spouse | Vera Weizmann |
Chaim Azriel Weizmann (Hebrew: חיים עזריאל ויצמן) (also: Chaijim W. or Haim W.) (November 27, 1874 – November 9, 1952) was a chemist, statesman, President of the World Zionist Organization, first President of Israel (elected May 16, 1948, served 1949 - 1952) and founder of a research institute in Israel which eventually became the Weizmann Institute of Science.
Weizmann was born in a small village Motol (Motyli, now Motal') near Pinsk (Russian Empire, now in Belarus) and graduated in chemistry from the University of Fribourg in Switzerland in 1899. He lectured in chemistry at the University of Geneva (1901-3) and later taught at the University of Manchester. He became a British subject in 1910, and in World War I he was (1916-19) director of the British Admiralty laboratories. He became famous because he was the first to find out how to use bacterial fermentation to produce large quantities of the desired substances and is nowadays considered to be the father of industrial fermentation. He used the bacteria Clostridium acetobutylicum (the Weizmann organism) to produce acetone. Acetone was used in the manufacture of cordite explosive propellants critical to the Allied war effort (see Royal Navy Cordite Factory, Holton Heath). Weizmann transferred rights to the manufacture of acetone to Commercial Solvents Corporation in exchange for royalties.
In 1917 he worked with Lord Balfour on the Balfour Declaration. A founder of so-called synthetic Zionism, Weizmann supported grass-roots colonization efforts as well as higher-level diplomatic activity. Siding with neither Labour Zionism on the left or Revisionist Zionism on the right, Weizmann was generally associated with the centrist General Zionists.
On January 3, 1919, he and the future King Faisal I of Iraq signed the Faisal Weizmann Agreement establishing the relations between Arabs and Jews in the Middle East. After 1920 he assumed leadership in the world Zionist movement, serving twice (1920-31, 1935-46) as president of the World Zionist Organization. In 1921 Weizmann went along with the known Jewish physicist Albert Einstein for a fund-raiser to establish a Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
In World War II he was an honorary adviser to the British Ministry of Supply and did research on synthetic rubber and high-octane gasoline. (Formerly Allied-controlled sources of rubber were largely inacessible due to Japanese occupation during World War II, giving rise to heightened interest in such innovations.) He met with United States President Harry Truman and worked to obtain the support of the United States for the establishment of the State of Israel. Weizmann became the first president upon the foundation of the State of Israel in 1948. At Rehovoth, where he lived, Weizmann founded a research institute (now the Weizmann Institute of Science). He wrote many papers for scientific journals. His nephew Ezer Weizman was himself also a later president of Israel.
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He has distant relatives currently living in California.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Biography at the Jewish Agency site
- Biographical notes at the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Weizmann Institute of Science Website
- Webpage on Chaim Weizmann's laboratory at the Weizmann Institute (includes info and links on Weizmann's scientific work)bs:Chaim Weizmann
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