Charles Edouard Guillaume

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**Charles Guillaume** <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Image:Charles Edouard Guillaume.jpg
Pastel portrait of Charles Édouard Guillaume in 1922, by L.-C Breslau.</td></tr>
Born	February 15 1861 Fleurier, Switzerland <tr><th>Died</th><td>May 13 1938 Sèvres, France</td></tr><tr><th>Residence</th><td>Image:Flag of Switzerland.svg Switzerland, Image:Flag of France.svg France</td></tr><tr><th>Nationality</th><td>Image:Flag of Switzerland.svg Swiss</td></tr><tr><th>Field</th><td>Physicist</td></tr><tr><th>Institution</th><td>Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Sèvres</td></tr><tr><th>Alma Mater</th><td>Zurich Polytechnic</td></tr><tr><th>Known for</th><td>Invar and Elinvar</td></tr><tr><th>Notable Prizes</th><td>Nobel Prize (1920)</td></tr>

Charles Édouard Guillaume (February 15 1861 – May 13 1938) received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 in recognition of the service he had rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys.

He discovered alloys which he called "invar" and "elinvar" which were useful in building precision instruments and antimagnetic watches.

Guillaume worked with Kristian Birkeland. He served at the Observatoire de Paris—Section de Meudon. He conducted several experiments with thermostatic measurements at the observatory. He was the first to determine the correct temperature of space.

He married A.M. Taufflieb (m. 1888) and they had three children.

[edit] Published works

Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "La Température de L'Espace", La Nature, volume 24, 1896.
- [tr. Temperature of Space]
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Études thermométriques". 1886.
- [tr. Studies on Thermometry]
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Traité de thermométrie". 1889.
- [tr. Treatise on Thermometry]
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Unités et Étalons". 1894.
- [tr. Units and Standards]
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Les rayons X". 1896.
- [tr. X-Rays]
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Recherches sur le nickel et ses alliages". 1898.
- [tr. Investigations on Nickel and its Alloys]
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "La vie de la matière". 1899.
- [tr. The Life of Matter]
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "La Convention du Mètre et le Bureau international des Poids et Mesures". 1902.
- [tr. Metrical Convention and the International Bureau of Weights and Measures]
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Les applications des aciers au nickel". 1904.
- [tr. Applications of Nickel-Steels]
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Des états de la matière". 1907.
- [tr. States of Matter]
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Les récents progrès du système métrique". 1907, 1913.
- [tr. Recent progress in the Metric System]
Guillaume, Charles-Edouard, "Initiation à la Mécanique".
- [tr. Introduction to Mechanics]

[edit] External links and references

Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901-1921, " Charles-Edouard Guillaume – Biography". Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
lanl.gov, "History". Pioneers in the development of the Plasma Universe.

Nobel Prize in Physics: Laureates

2006: Mather, Smoot 2005: Glauber, Hall, Hänsch 2004: Gross, Politzer, Wilczek 2003: Abrikosov, Ginzburg, Leggett 2002: Davis, Koshiba, Giacconi 2001: Cornell, Ketterle, Wieman 2000: Alferov, Kroemer, Kilby
Full list of laureates