Coaching
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- This article refers to the act of coaching people. For sports coaching, see coach (sport). For other uses of the word, see coach (disambiguation) or coaching inn.
A coach is a person who supports people (clients) to achieve their goals, with goal setting, encouragement and questions. Unlike a counselor or mentor, a coach rarely offers advice. Instead, a coach helps clients to find their own solutions, by asking questions that give them insight into their situations. A coach holds a client accountable, so if a client agrees to a plan to achieve a goal, a coach will help motivate them to complete their plan.
This use of the term "coaching" appears to have origins in English traditional university "cramming" in the mid-19th century. (The name allegedly recalls the multitasking skills associated with controlling the team of a horse-drawn stagecoach.) By the 1880s American college sports teams had -- in addition to managers -- coaches. Some time in the 20th century, non-sporting coaches emerged: non-experts in the specific technical skills of their clients, but who nevertheless ventured to offer generalised motivational or inspirational advice.
Current practices in performance coaching in non-sporting environments focus on non-directive questioning, provocation and helping clients to analyse and solve their own challenges, rather than offering advice or direction (see Tim Gallwey's The Inner Game of Tennis or Myles Downey's Effective Coaching).
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[edit] Organizational coaching
In organizational development (OD), coaching forms an important intervention designed to assess and improve performance of an individual or a team.
It is very important to improve the skills of the person which can be achieved through proper training by which he can achieve organizational goals and also enhance his knowledge and skills.
[edit] Individual coaching
- Main article: personal coaching
When a person coaches an individual client -- often marketed as life coaching -- the initial task involves the coach and client working out a mutual understanding of the scope of work and documenting that understanding in a coaching contract. Then the coach helps the client to prioritise their current needs and looks for ways to address any improvements.
[edit] Team coaching
Like individual coaching, team coaching focuses on improving performance. In the case of a team, the coach observes the team's current functioning, assesses the team's strengths and weaknesses, and develops a plan for addressing any needed changes..
[edit] Systemic coaching
- Main article: systemic coaching
Systemic coaching focuses on improving the effectiveness and survival of human systems: usually couples, families, teams and communities. A systemic coach assesses a system's functioning (systemic diagnosis) and goals (systemic goalwork) and coaches the members to develop interactive coaching plans for the members to achieve both individual and systemic goals.
Systemic coaching plans often begin with dissolving transferences, guilt and other entanglements between system members; so that the members can communicate resourcefully about all aspects of the system. Individual coaching can be incorporated into systemic coaching.
[edit] Business coaching
- Main article: business coaching
Business coaching focuses on helping a business owner to create a distinctive business plan with its own identity. Business coaching can operate in any segment of commerce: from traditional businesses to entrepreneurial start-ups to e-businesses.
Business coaching can also apply to any model of business. For instance, the "franchise" model has the end goal of establishing defined processes that allow the entrepreneur to separate him/herself from the business.
[edit] Executive coaching
- Main article: executive coaching
Executive coaching focuses on top level executives to bring the most from the strategies and how they implement them with their team, objective feedback allows growth.
[edit] Dissertation Coaching
- Main article: dissertation coaching
Dissertation Coaching helps graduate students, who are usually working on their Ph.D.'s, to manage the task of researching and writing a dissertation, an original contribution to one's field. Because of poor supervision by their advisors, personal problems, or distance from their universities, many graduate students struggle with this task. The fact that there are few intermediate deadlines and a lot of free time contributes to difficulty completing the dissertation. A dissertation coach can help a student work on a steady and regular basis, while building a career and hunting for work.
[edit] Ontological Coaching
- Main article: ontological coaching
Ontological coaching is a form of life and executive coaching developed, since the 1980s, by Julio olalla, in collaboration with Rafael Echeverria and Fernando Flores, and drawing on the works of thinkers such as Richard Tarnas and Ken Wilber.
What distinguishes Ontological Coaching from other kinds of coaching is that it focuses on altering and expanding the world view of an individual or group so that they can see and take new action aligned with their beliefs and values.
Ontological Coaching integrates the traditional model of coaching (as supporting others to achieve desired goals) with transformational coaching (expanding one's world view to facilitate innovation in life), working from the premise that our habits of seeing and acting limit what is possible in our personal or professional life. Changing one's habits of seeing and acting will provide lasting change in life - this premise draws much from the works of Humberto Maturana and Martin Heidegger, as well as the philosophy of language developed by John Austin and John Searle.
[edit] See also
- co-coaching
- leadership
- mentoring
- life coaching
- personal coaching
- systemic coaching
- dissertation coaching
- professional coaching
[edit] External links
- The International Coach Federation, an organization for training and certifying Professional Coaches.
- The Association for Coaching, UK-based membership organization promoting professionalism and ethics through education and accreditation scheme.de:Coaching
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