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The Crozet Islands (French: Îles Crozet; or, officially, Archipel Crozet) are a sub-antarctic archipelago of small islands in the southern Indian Ocean. They form of the four administrative districts French Southern Territories.

Contents 1 Geography 2 Geology 3 Climate 4 History 5 Biology 6 See also 7 External links

[edit] Geography

Omitting tiny satellite islets and rocks, there are six islands (two of them rather island groups), mostly volcanic. From east to west:

No.	Island or Group (English)	Area (km2)	Highest Peak (m)	Location
L'Occidental (Western Group)
1	Île aux Cochons (Pig Island)	67	Mont Richard-Foy (770)	46°06′S 50°14′E
2	Île des Pingouins (Penguin Island)	3	Mont des Manchots (340)	46°27′S 50°23′E
3	Îlots des Apôtres (Apostle Islets)(1)	2	Mont Pierre (289)	45°58′S 50°27′E
L'Oriental (Eastern Group)
4	Île de la Possession (Possession Island)	150	Pic du Mascarin (934)	46°24′S 51°46′E
5	Île de l'Est (East Island)	130	Mont Marion-Dufresne (1090)	46°26′S 52°18′E
	Îles Crozet (Crozet Islands)	352	Mont Marion-Dufresne (1090)	45°57' to 46°29'S</br>50°10' to 52°19'E

⁽¹⁾group of two major islands (Grand Île - Big Island, and Petite Île - Little Island) and about 20 pinnacle rocks

The Eastern and Western Groups are 94,5 km apart (from Île des Pingouins to Île de la Possession).

The Crozet Islands are uninhabited, except for the research station Alfred Faure (Port Alfred) on the East side of Île de la Possession, which has been continuously manned since 1963. Further scientific stations have been La Grande Manchotière and La Petite Manchotière.

[edit] Geology

Analysis of magnetic anomalies on the sea floor indicates that the Crozet Plateau, of which the islands form the highest points, formed some 50 million years ago. The islands are of volcanic origin, and basalt dating to at least 8.8 million years back has been found.

[edit] Climate

Precipitation is, with over 2000 mm per year, very abundant. It rains on average 300 days a year, and winds exceeding 100 km/h occur on 100 days a year. The temperatures may rise to 18°C in summer and rarely go below 5°C even in winter.

[edit] History

The Crozet Islands were first discovered by the expedition of Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne, a French explorer, who landed on January 24, 1772 on Île de la Possession, claiming the archipelago for France. He named the islands after his second-in-command Jules Crozet. (He had already named Marion Island after himself...)

In the early 19th century, the islands were often visited by sealers, to the extent that the seals had been nearly exterminated by 1835. Subsequently, whaling was the main activity around the islands, especially by the whalers from Massachusetts.

Shipwrecks occurred frequently at the Crozet Islands. The British sealer Princess of Wales sank in 1821, and the survivors spent two years on the islands. In 1887, the French Tamaris was wrecked and her crew stranded on Île des Cochons. They tied a note to the leg of a Giant Petrel, which was found seven months later in Fremantle. Alas, the crew was never recovered. Because shipwrecks around the islands were so common, for some time the Royal Navy dispatched a ship every few years to look for stranded survivors.

France originally administered the islands as a dependency of Madagascar, but they became part of the French Southern Territories in 1955. In 1961, a first research station was set up, but it wasn't until 1963 that the permanent station Alfred Faure opened at Port Albert on Île de la Possession (both named after the first leader of the station). The station is staffed by 18 to 30 people (depending on the season) and does meteorological, biological, and geological research and maintains a seismograph.

[edit] Biology

The Crozet Islands are home to four species of penguins. Most abundant are the Macaroni Penguin, of which some 2 million pairs breed on the islands, and the King Penguin. The Eastern Rockhopper Penguin also can be found, and there is a small colony of Gentoo Penguins, as well.

Other animals living on the Crozet Islands include fur seals, Southern Elephant Seals, petrels, and albatross, including the Wandering Albatross.

Killer whales have been observed preying upon many of the aforementioned species. The Orcas of Crozet Islands are famous for intentionally beaching (and later un-stranding) themselves while actively hunting the islands' breeding seal population. This is a very rare behavior, most often seen in the Patagonia region of Argentina, and is thought to be a learned skill passed down through generations of individual Orca families.

The Crozet Islands have been a nature reserve since 1938. Introduction of foreign species (mice, rats, and subsequently cats for pest control) has caused severe damage to the original ecosystem. The pigs that had been introduced on Île des Cochon and the goats brought to Île de la Possession—both as a food resource—have been exterminated.

An on-going concern is overfishing of the Patagonian Toothfish and the Albatross population is monitored. The waters of the Crozet Islands are patrolled by both the French and Greenpeace.

[edit] See also

• French overseas departments and territories
• Administrative divisions of France
• Islands controlled by France in the Indian and Pacific oceans
• Sub-antarctic islands

[edit] External links

• links to excellent maps of the islands
• Further information
• Further information

af:Crozeteilande

ca:Illes Crozet de:Crozetinseln es:Islas Crozet fr:Îles Crozet it:Isole Crozet nl:Crozeteilanden ja:クローゼー諸島 pl:Wyspy Crozeta pt:Crozet ru:Острова Крозе sl:Otočje Crozet fi:Crozetsaaret sv:Crozetöarna uk:Крозе острови