Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
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| Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam | |
|---|---|
| Image:ECI-rising-sun.png | |
| Leader | Kalaignar |
| Founded | 1949 |
| Main Office | Arivalayam, Anna Salai, Chennai - 600018 |
| Alliance | United Progressive Alliance |
| Ideology | Social Democratic/Populist |
| Publications | Murasoli |
| Website | http://www.dmk.in |
| See also | Politics of India |
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) is a regional political party in the Tamil Nadu state of India, but also has presence in near by southern Indian states, Pondicherry, Kerala and Karnataka. It was founded by C. N. Annadurai as a breakaway faction from Dravidar Kazhagam, headed by Periyar. The party is headed by M Karunanidhi, the incumbent Chief Minister of the state.
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[edit] Justice Party forerunner to DMK
P. Thiyagarayar,Dr Natesanar and few others formed the South Indian Liberal Federation in 1916 which grew into the Justice Party.Justice Party came to power in the first General Elections to Madras Presidency in 1920.<ref> http://www.tehelka.com/story_main17.asp?filename=Ne042206War_on.asp </ref> Justice Party introduced Reservation in India for the first time in 1921. Justice Party stood for social Justice and Equality for all sections of the society.Justice Party introduced the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowment Act which took control of Hindu temples from end to the age-old monopoly and exploitation of the Upper Caste hereditary priests,open temples to all castes and abolish the Devadasi system.The social reforms of the Justice Party were opposed by the Congress ,Periyar through a Congress leader supported the Justice Party.Periyar later quit the congress.In the 1937 elections the Justice Party lost and theCongress under Rajaji formed the government.Rajaji introduced Hindi as a compulsory subject leading to the Anti-Hindi agitations being led by Sir A. D. Panneerselvam and Periyar and a few people were killed in the Anti-Hindi agitations.Periyar was jailed for 2 years and in Jail he was elected President of the Justice Party in 1938.
[edit] Justice Party becames Dravidar Kazhagam
Periyar was asked to form the government after the Congress governments quit in 1939 but he refused as he was not after power and believed taking office would hamper his main task of annihilating caste system and spreading rational humanist principles .In 1940 Annadurai became the Joint Secretary of the Party. In 1944 the Justice Party was renamed Dravidar Kazhagam was transformed into a non-political socio-cultural movement which would not contest future elections.The movement was initially mooted as one that championed the cause of socially and economically disadvantaged sections of the society. It advocated concepts of rationality, self-respect and rejection of casteism and superstitious practices, prevalent in Tamil society. Now many party members did not agree with this and felt that political power was essential for changing the society.<ref> http://www.periyar.org/html/dk_movement_eng.asp </ref>In 1948 Periyar married Maniammai about 40 years younger to him.In 1949 the party split with the DMK being born led by Annadurai
[edit] Formation of DMK
Annadurai on 17th September, 1949 in a rainy day along with Karunanidhi and thousands of others in Robinson park in Royapuram in Chennai announced the formation of the DMK.<ref> http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1520/15201330.htm </ref><ref> http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/21/stories/2004052111860300.htm </ref>The DMK carried on the principles and aims of the Justice Party and Dravidar Kazhagam.The movement was initially mooted as one that championed the cause of socially and economically disadvantaged sections of the society.The movement was sympathetic to the claim that there were two separate races in India, the Aryans and Dravidians, and the movement claimed to represent the latter.DMK has stands for upliftment of the socally backward classes in Hindu Society like the earlier Justice Party it has been firmly in favour of reservation for the backward classes and has increased reservation upto 69% the highest in the country.DMK along with Periyar forced the withdrawal of the Kula Kalvi Thittam of Rajaji where schools will work in the morning and students had to compulsorily learn the family vocation in the afternoon .<ref> http://www.countercurrents.org/dalit-periyar280603.htm </ref>Shivaji Ganesan was a member of the DMK he was seen as an icon of the DMK and spread its message through films like Parasakthi.<ref> http://imdb.com/name/nm0304262/bio </ref>He joined the Congress Party in 1955 whereas MGR was a member of the Congress Party till 1953 and he used to wear kathar and wear vibhuti on his forehead.In 1953 MGR joined the DMK popularised the party flag and symbol by showing it in his movies.Annadurai wanted a separate Dravida Nadu which he gave after 1962 China War.The Anti-Hindi agitations of 1965, forced the central government to abandon its efforts to impose Hindi as the only official language of the country.The brutal killing of over 500 unarmed protesters and students by the Security forces led to anger against the Congress and they were defeated in 1967 never to win an Tamil Nadu assembly election again. <ref>http://www.geocities.com/tamiltribune/01/0101.html </ref>DMK came to power in 1967.
[edit] Karunanidhi era
With the passage of time and a shift in the national political scenario towards coalition governments, however, DMK has adopted a more national outlook. DMK championed the cause of Tamil and used its national clout to make Government of India declare Tamil as classical language. In the enrichment of Tamil literature, the writers belonging to DMK had an important role, although it needs to be pointed out that their contributions have tended to be more of expressions of dissent and disgruntlement at what was perceived as social injustice and domination of certain communities, in the social sphere, and of the Northern parts of India, in the political sphere, and substitution of less often used Tamil words for borrowed-assimilated popular ones for administrative and oratorical purposes, in the linguistic sphere.
The DMK is also sympathetic to the separatist struggle in Eelam. It split over the past three decades into the AIADMK and the MDMK. Of this, the AIADMK is the strongest rival party. The MDMK formed an alliance with AIADMK to face the 2006 elections, which the alliance lost. The DMK-led alliance, which includes the Congress and the PMK, formed the government in the state: Karunnidhi assumed the office of Chief Minister.
[edit] Presidents of DMK
[edit] Election history
[edit] Madras
| Year | General Election | Votes Polled | Seats Won |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | 3rd Assembly | 3,435,633 | 50 |
| 1962 | 3rd Lok Sabha | 2,315,610 | 7 |
| 1967 | 4th Assembly | 6,230,552 | 137 |
| 1967 | 4th Lok Sabha | 5,524,514 | 25 |
[edit] Tamil Nadu
| Year | General Election | Votes Polled | Seats Won |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 5th Assembly | 7,654,935 | 184 |
| 1971 | 5th Lok Sabha | 5,622,758 | 23 |
| 1977 | 6th Assembly | 4,258,771 | 48 |
| 1977 | 6th Lok Sabha | 3,323,320 | 2 |
| 1980 | 7th Assembly | 4,164,389 | 37 |
| 1980 | 7th Lok Sabha | 4,236,537 | 16 |
| 1984 | 8th Assembly | 6,362,770 | 24 |
| 1984 | 8th Lok Sabha | 5,597,507 | 2 |
| 1989 | 9th Assembly | 8,001,222 | 150 |
| 1989 | 9th Lok Sabha | 7,038,849 | 0 |
| 1991 | 10th Assembly | 5,535,668 | 2 |
| 1991 | 10th Lok Sabha | 5,601,597 | 0 |
| 1996 | 11th Assembly | 11,423,380 | 173 |
| 1996 | 11th Lok Sabha | 6,967,679 | 17 |
| 1998 | 12th Lok Sabha | 5,140,266 | 5 |
| 1999 | 13th Lok Sabha | 6,298,832 | 12 |
| 2001 | 12th Assembly | 8,669,864 | 31 |
| 2004 | 14th Lok Sabha | 7,064,393 | 16 |
| 2006 | 13th Assembly | 96 |
[edit] Pondicherry
| Year | General Election | Votes Polled | Seats Won |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1969 | 2nd Assembly | 61,717 | 15 |
| 1974 | 3rd Assembly | 47,823 | 2 |
| 1977 | 4th Assembly | 30,441 | 3 |
| 1980 | 5th Assembly | 68,030 | 14 |
| 1984 | 8th Lok Sabha | 97,672 | 0 |
| 1985 | 6th Assembly | 87,754 | 5 |
| 1989 | 9th Lok Sabha | 157,250 | 0 |
| 1990 | 7th Assembly | 101,127 | 9 |
| 1991 | 8th Assembly | 96,607 | 4 |
| 1991 | 10th Lok Sabha | 140,313 | 0 |
| 1996 | 9th Assembly | 105,392 | 7 |
| 1996 | 11th Lok Sabha | 183,702 | 0 |
| 1998 | 12th Lok Sabha | 168,122 | 1 |
| 2001 | 10th Assembly | 83,679 | 7 |
| 2006 | 11th Assembly | 7 |
[edit] References
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
ja:ドラーヴィダ進歩党 ru:Дравида Муннетра Кажагам sv:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam ta:திராவிட முன்னேற்றக் கழகம்
