Demographics of Mongolia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Life in sparsely populated Mongolia has become more urbanized. Nearly half of the people live in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and in other provincial centers. Seminomadic life still predominates in the countryside, but settled agricultural communities are becoming more common. Mongolia's population growth rate is estimated at 1.54% (2000 census). About two-thirds of the total population is under age 30, 36% of whom are under 14.
Ethnic Mongols account for about 85% of the population and consist of Khalkha and other groups, all distinguished primarily by dialects of the Mongol language. Mongol is an Altaic language--from the Altaic Mountains of Central Asia, a language family comprising the Turkic, Tungusic, and Mongolic subfamilies--and is related to Turkic (Uzbek, Turkish, Tatar and Kazakh), possibly Korean and Japanese. The Khalkha make up 90% of the ethnic Mongol population. The remaining 10% include Durbet Mongols and others in the north and Dariganga Mongols in the east. Turkic speakers (Kazakhs, Tuvans, and Uyghurs) constitute 7% of Mongolia's population, and the rest are Tungusic-speakers, Chinese, and Russians. Most Russians left the country following the withdrawal of economic aid and collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Traditionally, Tibetan Buddhist Lamaism was the predominant religion. However, it was suppressed under the communist regime until 1990, with only one showcase monastery allowed to remain. Since 1990, as liberalization began, Buddhism has enjoyed a resurgence.
About 4 million Mongols live outside Mongolia; about 3.4 million live in China, mainly in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and some 500,000 live in Russia, primarily in Buryatia and Kalmykia.
Population: 2,751,314 (July 2004 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
34% (male 461,719; female 447,426)
15-64 years:
62% (male 816,851; female 816,651)
65 years and over:
4% (male 46,682; female 61,623) (2000 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.54% (2000 est.)
Birth rate: 21.53 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Death rate: 6.14 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female
total population:
1 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
Infant mortality rate: 41.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
67.25 years
male:
64.98 years
female:
69.64 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate: 2.4 children born/woman (2000 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Mongolian(s)
adjective:
Mongolian
Ethnic groups: Mongol 90%, Kazakh 4%, other 6%
Religions:
predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, Muslim 4%, 20,000 Christians [1]
note:
previously limited religious activity because of communist regime
Languages: Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic (Qazaq, Tuvin), Russian
Literacy:
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
82.9%
male:
88.6%
female:
77.2% (1988 est.)
[edit] Turks in Mongolia
The population of Mongolia is 2,400,000.
Kazakhs (Hasag): Kazakhs with Nayman and Kiren roots that are composed of nearly 150 thousands of people live in the provinces of Bayan Ölgiy and Hovd in the northwest of the country. Pursuant to the dissolution of the Soviets, their population cannot be properly known as a result of the migrations to Kazakhstan. Despite these migrations, it is estimated that there are nearly 150 thousands of people composed of 95 thousands of people in Bayan Ölgiy and 40 thousands of people in Hovd.
Bayan Ölgiy was a province of Kazakhs in the past (aymag means a province). Nowadays, the Kazakh people have the Kazakh Liberal Party and they also broadcast from a radio. The other clans and tribes of the Kazakh people are as follows:
Tartuş People: Tartuş/Tartush people rooted from Kazaks that are divided into two groups such as the Lower Tartuş People and Upper Tartuş People are the descendants of Kirey Kazakhs.
Hoton People: With a population of nearly 6 thousands of people, Hotons live in the province of Uvs. Hoton people who are the hybrids of the Kazakhs and Khirghiz people live in the south west of the Uvs Lake and in the city and within the environs of Bugat. Hoton people who are Muslims speak with the Derbet dialect.
Uranhay people: With a population of 50 thousands of people, Uranhay people live in Mongolia and Russia and China. They live in the provinces of Hörsgöl and Uvs within the boundaries of Mongolia. Uranhay people had their own republic between the years of 1921 and 1944 but this republic was invaded by the Russians.
Altay Uranhay people: Altay Uranhay people that live in Hovd and Bayan Ölgiy speak with the Mongolian language.
Tannu (Tagna) Uranhay people: Tannu Uranhay people live in Hovd and they are the tribe with the biggest population of Uranhay people.
Çatan People: Çatan/Chatan People are only 500 Chatan people all over the world. 250 of them live in Mongolia while the rest 250 people live in Buryat Republic. They reside in the province of Hövsgöl, Ulan-Oll, Rincunbuye and Han Samon within the boundaries of Mongolia. There are nearly 50 families and they are herdsmen of deer. They rarely come to town. They live in Kiren and within its environs in Buryata.
Şirten/Shirten people: This Uranhay tribe that is divided into two groups as Arşirten/Ashirten and Övörşirten/Ovoshirten people live in Hövsöl and they speak the Mongolian language.
Muncak People/Munjak People: They live in Bayan Ölgiy and they speak with the Turkic language.
Kocolutan People/Kojolutan : They live with Muncak people and they reside in the province of Bayan Ölpiy. Their language is Turkic.
Uranhay Turks are the Kazakhs in origin. Afterwards, they have been called and known as a different tribe under the name of Uranhay.es:Demografía de Mongolia fr:Démographie de la Mongolie he:דמוגרפיה של מונגוליה
