Demonization

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Demonization is the characterization of individuals, groups, or political bodies as evil or subhuman for purposes of justifying and making plausible an attack, whether in the form of character assassination, legal action, circumscribing of political liberties, or warfare. The purpose is to facilitate oppressive actions against the demonized individual or group, ranging from ostracism to genocide. A common practice in early Judaism was the demonization of rival dieties. This would later transfer to Christianity and cause untold suffering for innumerable pagans. Classic examples of this kind of religious demonization include Baphomet (thought by some to be a corruption of Mohammad) and Beelzebub. This practice was the driving force behind such atrocities as the Spanish inquisition and the betrayal of the Knights Templar. Conversely, Jews have historically been the subject of demonization, arguably more often than any other group.

Demonizing an individual, group or culture generally involves a suspension of the normal considerations of humane behaviour and respect. Given that the subjects of demonization are portrayed as evil and/or subhuman beyond any dispute, then any means of self-defense is considered legitimate, in proportion to the threat represented. In United States history, a note-worthy example of demonization is to be found in the attitudes and practices of white Southerners - and others - towards Black people in the period 1619-1965, epitomized in the widespread practice of lynching.

One purpose of the demonization of individuals - as opposed to groups - is to divert attention from their arguments, and discredit them personally by ad hominem attacks. Proving that they are Fascists, Communists, Racists, Religious fanatics or some other despised category of individuals is particularly effective not only in undermining individuals with controversial views, but in isolating them from public support. Whereas before the attack, supporters were under the impression that they were defending for example, free speech or constitutional rights, afterwards they themselves risk being accused of condoning Homophobia, or Jihadism, or some other similarly despised viewpoint.