Dunneza
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Image:Unidentified Dunneza circa 1911.jpg The Dunneza (also Dunne-za, Beaver, Tasttine) are Athapaskan Aboriginal peoples whose traditional territory is around the Peace River of Alberta, Canada.
Prior to 1800 they inhabited lands further east, near the Athabasca and Clearwater Rivers, and north to Lake Athabaska. In the 1700s, this area was opened to fur trading. The Chippewa, a powerful people to the east of the Dunneza, had become highly dependent on the European goods and the maintenance of a trade monopoly with the traders. To maintain their proximity and influence, the Chippewa moved with the traders westward into the Athabasca, forcing the Dunneza north and west from their lands to those near the Peace River. By 1800, the Dunneza had relocated to this new territory. They were formerly known as the Beaver Tribe.
Contents |
[edit] Language
[edit] Sounds
[edit] Consonants
Dunneza has 35 consonants:
| Bilabial | Labio-velar | Post-dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | ||||||||
| Stop | unaspirated | p | t | k | |||||
| aspirated | tʰ | kʰ | |||||||
| ejective | t’ | k’ | ʔ | ||||||
| Affricate | unaspirated | ʦ̪ | ʦ | tɬ | ʧ | ||||
| aspirated | ʦ̪ʰ | ʦʰ | tɬʰ | ʧʰ | |||||
| ejective | ʦ̪’ | ʦ’ | tɬ’ | ʧ’ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | |||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | s̪ | s | ɬ | ʃ | (x) | h | ||
| voiced | z̪ | z | ɮ | ʒ | γ | ||||
| Approximant | w | j | |||||||
[edit] Vowels
Dunneza has 10 phonemic vowels.
| Front | Central | Back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High (full) | | i | u | |
| Less-high (reduced) | | ɪ | ʊ | |
| Mid (full) | oral | e | o | |
| nasal | ẽ | õ | ||
| Less-low (reduced) | | ɜ | ||
| Low (full) | | a | ||
Two vowels contrast oral and nasal qualities.
[edit] External links
- Map of Northwest Coast First Nations (including Dunneza)
- Beaver page on First Nations Languages of British Columbia site, with bibliography
[edit] Bibliography
- Cook, Eung-Do; & Rice, Keren (Eds.). (1989). Athapaskan linguistics: Current perspectives on a language family. Trends in linguistics, State of-the-art reports (No. 15). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 0-89925-282-6.
- Story, Gillian. (1989). Problems of phonemic representation in Beaver. In E.-D. Cook & K. Rice (Eds.), Athapaskan linguistics: Current perspectives on a language family (pp. 63-98). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
