Erlangen
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Erlangen | |
|---|---|
| Image:Erlangen.jpg | Image:Erlangen-Position.png |
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| Country | Germany |
| State | Bavaria |
| Administrative region | Middle Franconia |
| District | urban district |
| Population | 102,465 (2005) |
| Area | 76.84 km² |
| Population density | 1,333 /km² |
| Elevation | 280 m |
| Coordinates | 49°36′ N 11°1′ E |
| Postal code | 91001-91058 |
| Area code | 09131 |
| Licence plate code | ER |
| Mayor | Siegfried Balleis (CSU) |
| Website | erlangen.de |
Erlangen is a German city in Middle Franconia. It is located at the confluence of the river Regnitz and its tributary, the Untere Schwabach. Erlangen has more than 100,000 inhabitants.
Erlangen is today dominated by its university and the numerous branch offices of the Siemens AG, as well as a large Institute of the Fraunhofer Society. An event still influencing the city is the settlement of Huguenots after the withdrawal of the Edict of Nantes in 1685.
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[edit] History
Erlangen was first mentioned officially in 1002 under the name of "villa erlangon". In 1361, the village was sold to Emperor Karl IV. Three years later, a city was built close to the village, which in 1374 got its own coining station. In 1398, the municipal rights were confirmed. In 1402, the city was vested to the Hohenzollern as part of the principality of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (from 1603 on Bayreuth), staying under their rule until 1806. Erlangen was the capital of the so-called "Low County" (Unterland) of the principality, encompassing the area until Neustadt an der Aisch and separated from the "High County" (Oberland) by a land corridor. After a four-year French occupation, it finally became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria, together with the Bayreuth prinicipality.
While being part of the Bayreuth county, the first French Huguenot refugees arrived in Erlangen in 1686. The Bayreuth count Christian Ernst built a "new town" (Neustadt) for them. In 1706, the old town (just below the site of the annual Bergkirchweih) was almost completely destroyed by a fire, but soon rebuilt. In 1812, the old and new towns were finally merged into one.
In 1742, Count Friedrich of Bayreuth founded a university for the residency town Bayreuth, but due to the rebelliousness of the local students, the university was transferred to Erlangen. Only later did it obtain the name of "Friedrich-Alexander-University" and become a Prussian state university. Famous students of these times were Johann Ludwig Tieck and Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder.
Already during the Bavarian municipal reform of 1818, the city was endowed with its own administration. In 1862, the canton administration Erlangen was founded, from which later on arose the administrative district of Erlangen. In 1972, this district was merged with the administrative district of Höchstadt. Erlangen became the capital of this newly founded district Erlangen-Höchstadt. During this municipal reform, Erlangen was effectively enlarged considerably, so that by 1974 it had more than 100,000 inhabitants.
[edit] University
The University of Erlangen (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, [1]) was originally founded in 1742 by Margrave Friedrich of Brandenburg-Bayreuth in the city of Bayreuth, but was relocated to Erlangen the next year. Today, it features 11 departments (German "Fakultäten"), 2 of which (Economics and Education) are located in Nuremberg. About 24,000 students study at this university, of which about 20,000 are located in Erlangen.[edit] Bergkirchweih
The Bergkirchweih is an annual beer festival similar to the Oktoberfest in Munich, but smaller in scope, and therefore more intimate. It takes place during the twelve days before and after Pentecost, under the spring trees of the "Berg" and draws more than one million visitors each year.
American soldiers from the former Ferris Barracks in Erlangen called it the "Strawberry Fest", although it is much more commonly known by local residents as "Bergkerwa" (pronounced "bairg'-care-va" in English).
[edit] Districts
- Am Anger
- Alterlangen
- Bruck, pop. 20,000
- Büchenbach
- Burgberg
- Dechsendorf
- Eltersdorf, pop. around 3,200
- Frauenaurach
- Häusling
- Hüttendorf
- Innenstadt
- Kosbach
- Kriegenbrunn
- Neusses
- Röthelheim
- Schallershof
- Siedlung Sonnenblick
- Sieglitzhof/Buckenhofer Siedlung
- Steudach
- Tennenlohe [2]
[edit] Historical population
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1495 | 292 |
| 1630 | 550 |
| 1752 | 7,939 |
| 1830 | 9,800 |
| December 1, 1871¹ | 12,500 |
| December 1 1890¹ | 17,559 |
| December 1, 1900¹ | 22,953 |
| December 1 1910¹ | 24,877 |
| June 16 1925¹ | 29,597 |
| June 16 1933¹ | 32,348 |
| May 17 1939¹ | 35,964 |
| September 13 1950¹ | 50,690 |
| June 16 1961¹ | 69,552 |
| May 27 1970¹ | 84,110 |
| June 20 1975 | 100,700 |
| June 30 1980 | 100,900 |
| June 30 1985 | 100,000 |
| May 27 1987¹ | 99,808 |
| June 30, 1997 | 100,700 |
| December 31 1997 | 100,330 |
| December 31 1998 | 100,775 |
| December 31 1999 | 100,750 |
| December 31 2000 | 100,778 |
| December 31 2001 | 101,912 |
| December 31 2002 | 102,198 |
| December 31 2003 | 102,449 |
| December 31 2004 | 102,627 |
| December 31 2005 | 103,425 |
[edit] Historical mayors of Erlangen
- 1818 - 1827: Johann Sigmund Lindner
- 1828 - 1855: Johann Wolfgang Ferdinand Lammers
- 1855 - 1865: Carl Wolfgang Knoch
- 1866 - 1872: Heinrich August Papellier
- 1872 - 1877: Johann Edmund Reichold
- 1878 - 1880: Friedrich Scharf
- 1881 - 1892: Georg Ritter von Schuh
- 1892 - 1929: Theodor Klippel
- 1929 - 1934: Hans Flierl
- 1934 - 1944: Alfred Groß
- 1944 - 1945: Herbert Ohly
- 1945 - 1946: Anton Hammerbacher (SPD)
- 1946 - 1959: Michael Poeschke (SPD)
- 1959 - 1972: Heinrich Lades (CSU)
- 1972 - 1996: Dietmar Hahlweg (SPD)
- 1996 - : Siegfried Balleis (CSU)
[edit] International relations
[edit] Twin cities
Erlangen has twinned itself with:
- Image:Flag of Sweden.svg Eskilstuna in Sweden in 1961,
- Image:Flag of France.svg Rennes in France in 1964,
- Image:Flag of Russia (bordered).svg Vladimir in Russia in 1983,
- Image:Flag of Germany.svg Jena in Thuringia, Germany, in 1987,
- Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Stoke-on-Trent in England in 1989,
- Image:Flag of Nicaragua.svg San Carlos in Nicaragua in 1989.
- Image:Flag of Turkey.svg Besiktas (district of Istanbul, Turkey) in 2004
[edit] Further partnerships
- Image:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Shenzhen (China)
- Image:Flag of the United States.svg Richmond, Virginia (USA)
[edit] External links
- www.erlangen.de
- The biggest comic convention in Germany is in Erlangen
- www.erlangeninfo.de Erlangen City Guide
- University of Erlangen
- Fraunhofer Institut für Integrierte Schaltungen (Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits) mp3 was developed here
- Der-Berg-Ruft.De Homepage of the Bergkirchweih (German only)
- Pictures about Erlangen - public Flickr Group
- Ferris Barracks - former U.S. Army Kaserne in Erlangen
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