Escherichia
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E. adecarboxylata |
Escherichia is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore forming, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae.<ref name=Brock>Madigan M; Martinko J (editors). (2005). Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 11th ed., Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-144329-1.</ref> Inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals, Escherichia species provide a portion of the microbially-derived vitamin K for their host. Escherichia coli are the most numerous aerobic commensal inhabitants of the large intestine in humans.
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[edit] Pathogenesis
While many Escherichia are harmless commensals, particular strains of some species are human pathogens,<ref name=Baron>Guentzel MN (1996). Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter, and Proteus. In: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Baron S et al, eds.), 4th ed., Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.</ref> and are known as the most common cause of urinary tract infections,<ref name=Ronald_2003>Ronald A (2003). "The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens". Dis Mon 49 (2): 71-82. PubMed.</ref> significant sources of gastrointestinal disease, ranging from simple diarrhea to dysentery-like conditions,<ref name=Brock /> as well as a wide-range of other pathogenic states.<ref name=Prokaryotes>The Species of Escherichia other than E. coli. The Prokaryotes. Retrieved on 2006-05-05.</ref> While E. coli is responsible for the vast majority of Escherichia-related pathogenesis, other members of the genus have also been implicated in human disease.<ref name=Pien_1985>Pien FD, Shrum S, Swenson JM, Hill BC, Thornsberry C, Farmer JJ 3rd (1985). "Colonization of human wounds by Escherichia vulneris and Escherichia hermannii". J Clin Microbiol 22 (2): 283-5. PubMed.</ref>,<ref name=Chaudhury_1999>Chaudhury A, Nath G, Tikoo A, Sanyal SC (1999). "Enteropathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility of new Escherichia spp". J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 17 (2): 85-7. PubMed.</ref>
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