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Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

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Persian scholar
Medieval era

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Name: Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
Birth: 544 AH/1150<ref name="Reliance ">from the Biographical Notes in 'Reliance of the Traveller', Noah (Nuh) Ha Mim Keller, USA: Sunna Books, 1991 CE, x122 (a) (pp. 1045-6), using (al-A`lam (y136), 6.313; and Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyya al-kubra (y128), 8.81-89) as a source ]</ref>

<tr><th style="text-align: right;">Death:</th> <td>606 AH/1210 CE <ref name="Reliance "/></td></tr>

School/tradition: Shafi'i <ref name="Reliance"/>

<tr><th style="text-align: right;">Influences:</th> <td>
<small/></td></tr> <tr><th style="text-align: right;">Influenced:</th> <td>
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Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1209) was a well-known Persian theologian and philosopher from Ray, Iran. He is not to be confused with Rhazes, also known as al-Razi.

Contents

[edit] Name

فخرالدين الرازى

Fakhr-al-Din Abu-Abd-Allah Muhammad Ibn Umar ibn al-Hasan ibn al-Husayn al-Razi, also known as Imam Fakhr al-Razi or Imam Radhi

[edit] Biography

Born in Rayy, Persia (Iran), just south of present-day Tehran <ref name="Reliance"/>

He was born in a Shafi'ite and Ash`arite family. His father was Diya al-Din `Umar who taught him Islamic religious sciences before he went to study with other Muslim savants. Al-Razi travelled to many places such as Bukhara, Khwarazm and Transoxiana and held discussions with local savants. Al-Razi was a prolific and encyclopedic writer and scholar based on his more than sixty complete works. He was a philosopher, historian, mathematician, astronomer, physician, theologian and exegesist. His opponents were the Hanbalites who opposed philosophy, Kalam and mysticism, and the Batinites and Qarmatians of whose al-Razi criticized the teachings.

Al-Razi's works on theology and on Kalam include the books al-Arba`in fi Usul al-Din and al-Mas'il al-Khamsun fi Usul al-Din. In his al-Arba`in fi Usul al-Din, al-Razi presented forty issues in the principles of religion, such as religious cosmology, theology, ethics, prophecy, eschatology and imamate. Meanwhile, al-Masa'il al-Khamsun fi Usul al-Din is a more brief presentation of similar themes or topics.


He travelled to Khawarzim and Khurasan, and finally to Herat, Afghanistan, where he died in 1210 <ref name="Reliance "/>

[edit] Quotes

The world is a garden, whose gardener is the state;
The state is the sultan whose guardian is the Law;
The Law is a policy, which is protected by the kingdom;
The kingdom is a city, brought into being by the army;
The army is made secure by wealth;
Wealth is gathered from the subjects;
The subjects are made servents by justice;
Justice is the axis of the prosperity of the world.
-Jami' al-'ulum

[edit] Works

[edit] Sunni view

   
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
   
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
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[edit] See also

[edit] References

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also:

For his life and writings, see:

  • G.C. Anawati, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi in The Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd edition, ed. by H.A.R. Gibbs, B. Lewis, Ch. Pellat, C. Bosworth et al., 11 vols. (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1960-2002) vol. 2, pp. 751-5.

For his astrological-magical writings, see:

  • Manfred Ullmann, Die Natur- und Geheimwissenschaften im Islam, Handbuch der Orientalistik, Abteilung I, Ergänzungsband VI, Abschnitt 2 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1972), pp. 388-390.

For his treatise on physiognomy, see:

  • Yusef Mourad, La physiognomie arabe et le Kitab al-firasa de Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (Paris, 1939).

[edit] External links

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