Medici

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For the board game see, Medici

The Medici family was a powerful and influential Florentine family from the 13th to 17th century. The family produced three popes (Leo X, Clement VII, and Leo XI), numerous rulers of Florence (notably Lorenzo il Magnifico), and later members of the French and English royalty. The family also helped to spur the beginning of the Italian Renaissance.

From humble beginnings (the origin of the name is uncertain, it allegedly reflects a medical trade - medico) originating from the agriculture based Mugello region, the family first achieved power through banking. The Medici Bank was one of the most prosperous and most respected in Europe. There are some estimates that the Medici family was for a period of time the wealthiest family in Europe. From this base, the family acquired political power initially in Florence, and later in the wider Italy and Europe. A notable contribution to the profession of accounting was the improvement of the general ledger system through the development of the double-entry bookkeeping system for tracking credits and debits. This system was first used by accountants working for the Medici family in Florence.

Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici was the first Medici to enter banking, and while he became influential in Florentine government, it was not until his son Cosimo the Elder took over in 1434 as gran maestro that the Medici became unofficial heads of state of the Florentine republic. The "senior" branch of the family — those descended from Cosimo the Elder — ruled until the assassination of Alessandro de' Medici, first Duke of Florence, in 1537. This century-long rule was only interrupted on two occasions (between 1494-1512 and 1527-1530), when popular revolts sent the Medici into exile. Power then passed to the "junior" branch — those descended from Lorenzo the Elder, younger son of Giovanni di Bicci, starting with his great-great-grandson Cosimo I the Great. The Medici's rise to power was chronicled in detail by Benedetto Dei.

1 Art, architecture and science
2 Notable members
3 Medici family tree (1360 – 1675)
4 See also
5 Further reading
6 Documentaries
7 External links

[edit] Art, architecture and science

Image:Gozzoli magi.jpg The most significant accomplishments of the Medici were in the sponsorship of art and architecture, mainly early and High Renaissance art and architecture. Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, the first patron of the arts in the family, aided Masaccio and ordered the reconstruction of the Church of San Lorenzo. Cosimo the Elder's notable artistic associates were Donatello and Fra Angelico. The most significant addition to the list over the years was Michelangelo, who produced work for a number of Medici, beginning with Lorenzo the Magnificent. In addition to commissions for art and architecture, the Medici were prolific collectors and today their acquisitions form the core of the Uffizi museum in Florence.

In architecture, the Medici are responsible for some notable features of Florence; including the Uffizi Gallery, the Pitti Palace, the Boboli Gardens, the Belvedere, and the Palazzo Medici.

Although none of the Medici themselves were scientists, the family is well known to have been the patrons of the famous Galileo, who tutored multiple generations of Medici children, and was an important figurehead for his patron's quest for power. Galileo's patronage was eventually abandoned by Ferdinando II, when the Inquisition accused Galileo of heresy. However, the Medici family did afford the scientist a safe haven for many years. Galileo did name the four largest moons of Jupiter after four Medici children that he tutored.

Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici personally commissioned Brunelleschi to reconstruct the Church of San Lorenzo in 1419.
Eleonora of Toledo, princess of Spain and wife of Cosimo I the Great, purchased Pitti Palace from Buonaccorso Pitti in 1550.
Cosimo I the Great patronized Vasari who erected the Uffizi Gallery in 1560 and founded the Academy of Design in 1562.
Marie de Medici, widow of Henri IV and mother of Louis XIII, is used by Peter Paul Rubens in 1622-23 as the subject in his oil painting Marie de' Medici, Queen of France, Landing in Marseilles.

[edit] Notable members

Salvestro de' Medici (1331 – 1388), led the assault against the revolt of the ciompi, became dictator of Florence, and banished in 1382
Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (1360 – 1429), restored the family fortune and made the Medici family the wealthiest in Europe
Cosimo the Elder (1389 – 1464), founder of the Medici political dynasty
Lorenzo the Magnificent (1449 – 1492), leader of Florence during the Golden Age of the Renaissance
Giovanni de' Medici (1475 – 1523), also known as Pope Leo X
Giulio de' Medici (1478 – 1534), also known as Pope Clement VII
Cosimo I the Great (1519 – 1574), First Grand Duke of Tuscany who restored the Medici lustre
Catherine de' Medici (1519 – 1589), Queen of France
Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici (1535 – 1605), also known as Pope Leo XI
Marie de' Medici (1573 – 1642), Queen and Regent of France
Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici (1667 – 1743) the last of the Medici line

[edit] Medici family tree (1360 – 1675)

<tr align="center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (1360 – 1429)</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Antonio de' Medici (? – 1398)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Damian de' Medici (1389 – 1390)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Cosimo de' Medici (the Elder) (1389 – 1464)</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Piero I de' Medici (the Gouty) (1416 – 1469), Lord of Florence</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Lorenzo de' Medici (the Magnificent) (1449 – 1492), Lord of Florence</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Lucrezia de' Medici (1470 – 1550)</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Maria Salviati
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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Lorenzo de' Medici (the Elder) (1395 – 1440)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giuliano de' Medici (1453 – 1478)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Francesca Salviati</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Pierfrancesco de' Medici (the Elder) (1431 – 1476)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giulio de' Medici (1478 – 1534), Pope Clement VII</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici (1535 – 1605), Pope Leo XI</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giovanni de' Medici (1421 – 1463)</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Cosimo de' Medici (1452 – 1461)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Piero II de' Medici (the Unfortunate) (1471 – 1503), Lord of Florence</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Lorenzo II de' Medici (1492 – 1519), Duke of Urbino</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Alessandro de' Medici (the Moor) (1510 – 1537), Duke of Florence}</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giulio de' Medici (ca. 1533 – 1600)</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Cosimo de' Medici (? – ?)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Carlo de' Medici (1430 – 1492)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Maddalena de' Medici (1473 – 1528)</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Clarissa de' Medici (1493 – 1528)</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Caterina Maria Romola di Lorenzo de' Medici (Catherine de' Medici) (1519 – 1589), wife of Henry II of France</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giulia de' Medici (ca. 1535 – ?)</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Angela/Angelica de' Medici (1608 – 1636)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr align="center"><td colspan="2">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Lorenzo the Popolano (1463 – 1503), Lord of Piombino</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Pierfrancesco de' Medici (the Younger) (1487 – 1525)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (1475 – 1521), Pope Leo X</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giovanni the Popolano (1467 – 1498)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Laudomia de' Medici (1463-?)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giuliano de' Medici (1479 – 1516), Duke of Nemours</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Ippolito de' Medici (1511 – 1535), Cardinal</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Lodovico de' Medici (Giovanni dalle Bande Nere) (1498 – 1526), the most famous soldier of all the Medici</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Lorenzino de' Medici (1514 – 1548) (also called Lorenzaccio)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Contessina de' Medici (? – 1515), wife of Piero Ridolfi</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Cosimo I de' Medici (1519 – 1574), Grand duke of Tuscany</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giuliano de' Medici (ca. 1520 – 1588), Archbishop of Alby</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Bia de' Medici (1537 – 1542)</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Maddalena de' Medici (? – 1583)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Maria de' Medici (1540 – 1557)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

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</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Francesco I de' Medici (1541 – 1587), Grand duke of Tuscany</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Eleonora de' Medici (1566 – 1611), wife of Vincenzo I Gonzaga, duke of Mantua</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

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</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Isabella de' Medici (1542 – 1576)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Romola de' Medici (1568 – 1568)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td>

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giovanni de' Medici (1543 – 1562), bishop of Pisa and cardinal</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Anna de' Medici (1569 – 1584)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td>

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Lucrezia de' Medici (1545 – 1561), wife (1560) of Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara and Modena</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Isabella de' Medici (1571 – 1572)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td>

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Pietro (Pedricco) de' Medici (1546 – 1547)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Lucrezia de' Medici (1572 – 1574)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td>

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Garzia de' Medici (1547 – 1562)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Marie de' Medici (1573 – 1642), wife of Henry IV of France</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Henrietta Maria of France, wife of Charles I of England</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Charles II of England</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td>

</td><td colspan="2">

</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td>

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Antonio de' Medici (1548 – 1548)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Antonio de' Medici (1576 – 1621), adopted</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">James II of England</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td>

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Filippo de' Medici (1577 – 1582)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Mary Henrietta Stuart</td></tr><tr align="center"><td colspan="2">

</td><td colspan="2">

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Ferdinando I de' Medici (1549 – 1609), Grand duke of Tuscany</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Cosimo II de' Medici (1590 – 1621), Grand duke of Tuscany</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Maria Cristina de' Medici (1609 – 1632)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td>

</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td>

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Anna de' Medici (1553 – 1553)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Eleonora de' Medici (1591 – 1617)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Ferdinando II de' Medici (1610 – 1670), Grand duke of Tuscany</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Cosimo de' Medici (1639 – 1639)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td>

</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td>

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Pietro de' Medici (1554 – 1604)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Caterina de' Medici (1593 – 1629), wife of Ferdinando Gonzaga, duke of Mantua</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giovanni Carlo de' Medici (Giancarlo) (1611 – 1663), Bishop of Sabina, created cardinal in 1644</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Cosimo III de' Medici (1642 – 1723), Grand duke of Tuscany</td><td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Ferdinando III de' Medici (1663 – 1713)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td>

</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td>

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">(Unnamed daughter) (1566 – 1566)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Francesco de' Medici (1594 – 1614)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Margherita de' Medici (1612 – 1679), wife (1628) of Odoardo I Farnese, duke of Parma</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Francesco Maria de' Medici (1660 – 1711), Cardinal</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici (1667 – 1743)</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td>

</td><td colspan="2">

</td><td>

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Giovanni de' Medici (1567 – 1621)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Carlo de' Medici (1595 – 1666)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Matteo de' Medici (1613 – 1667)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Gian Gastone de' Medici (1671 – 1737), Grand duke of Tuscany</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td>

</td><td colspan="2">

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Vindchi de' Medici (1568 – 1634)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Filippino de' Medici (1599 – 1602)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Francesco de' Medici (1614 – 1634)</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td>

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td></tr><tr align="center"></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Virginia de' Medici (1568 – 1615), wife of Cesare d'Este, Duke of Modena</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Lorenzo de' Medici (1600 – 1648)</td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Anna de' Medici (1616 – 1676), wife of archduke Ferdinand Charles of Austria</td></tr><tr align="center"><td colspan="2">

</td><td>

</td></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td></tr><tr align="center"></tr> <tr align="center"><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Maria Maddalena de' Medici (1600 – 1633)</td><td style="border-right: 1px solid black;">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Leopoldo de' Medici (1617 – 1675), created cardinal in 1667</td></tr><tr align="center"><td>

</td><td colspan="2">

</td><td rowspan="2">

</td><td style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;">

</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border: 2px solid black; padding: 0.2em; ">Claudia de' Medici (1604 – 1648), wife (1620-1622) of Federico della Rovere, only son of the duke ofUrbino, and, later (1626), of archduke Leopold V of Austria</td></tr><tr align="center"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr>

</table>

[edit] See also

[edit] Further reading

Christopher Hibbert, The House of Medici: Its Rise and Fall (Morrow, 1975) is a highly readable, non-scholarly general history of the family
Ferdinand Schevill, History of Florence: From the Founding of the City Through the Renaissance (Frederick Ungar, 1936) is the standard overall history of Florence
Paul Strathern, The Medici - Godfathers of the Renaissance (Pimlico, 2005) is an informative and lively account of the Medici family, their finesse and foibles - extremely readable, though very homophobic and full of typographical errors.
Lauro Martines, "April Blood - Florence and the Plot Against the Medici" (Oxford University Press 2003) a detailed account of the Pazzi Conspiracy, the players, the politics of the day, and the fallout of the assassination plot . Though accurate in historic details, Martines writes with a definite 'anti-Medici' tone.
Accounting in Italy
Vaughan, Herbert M. The Medici Popes. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1908.
Zophy, Jonathan W. A Short History of Renaissance and Reformation Europe Dances over Fire and Water. 1996. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2003.

[edit] Documentaries

PBS/Justin Hardy, Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance Four-hour documentary, covering the rise and fall of the family from Giovanni through the abandonment of Galileo by Ferdinand II. Very watchable and informative, available on DVD & Video.
TLC/Peter Spry-Leverton.PSL, The Mummy Detectives: The Crypt Of The Medici One-hour documentary. Italian specialists, joined by mummy expert and TLC presenter Dr. Bob Brier exhume the bodies of Italy's ancient first family and use the latest forensic tools to investigate how they lived and died. Airs on Discovery Channel.
BBC Radio 4 3 part series Among the Medici, first episode 22 February 2006, presented by Bettany Hughes [1].