Fluorene
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Fluorene | |
|---|---|
| Image:Fluorene numbered.png | |
| Systematic name | Fluorene |
| Chemical formula | C13H10 |
| Molecular mass | 166.22 g/mol |
| Melting point | 116 °C |
| Boiling point | 295 °C |
| Density | |
| CAS number | [86-73-7] |
| SMILES | C12=CC=CC=C1C(C=CC=C3)=C3C2 |
| Disclaimer and references | |
Fluorene, or 9H-fluorene, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It has the form of odorless white crystals. It is combustible. It has a violet fluorescence, which gave it its name. It is manufactured artificially, although it occurs in the higher boiling fractions of coal tar. It is insoluble in water and soluble in benzene and ether.
Fluorene is used to make dyes, plastics, and pesticides. It can be found in corn silk and engine exhaust gas. It is used for production of fluorenone and fluorene-9-methanol.
Poly(fluorene) is commonly used as a luminophore in organic light-emitting diodes. Fluorene copolymers are being investigated as materials for solar cells.
The protons in the 9-position of the fluorene ring are acidic (pKa = 22.6 in DMSO<ref>Equilibrium acidities in dimethyl sulfoxide solution, F. G. Bordwell, Acc. Chem. Res.; 1988; 456-463, DOI 10.1021/ar00156a004</ref>) and removal of one of them with a strong base, such as n-butyllithium, leads to the stable fluorenyl anion, which has an intense orange colour. The anion is a nucleophile and most electrophiles react with it by adding to the 9-position.
Fluorene should not be confused with fluorone, nor with the element fluorine.
[edit] References
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[edit] External links
- National Pollutant Inventory - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fact Sheet
- Fluorene in the National Institute of Standards and Technology database.
