Diisopropylfluorophosphate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Image:Diisopropylfluorophosphate.svg | |
| Diisopropylfluorophosphate
| |
| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| 2-(fluoro-(1-methylethoxy)phosphoryl)oxypropane | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 55-91-4 |
| ATC code | S01EB07 |
| PubChem | 5936 |
| DrugBank | APRD00763 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C6H14FO3P |
| Mol. weight | 184.146 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | ? |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
? |
| Legal status | |
| Routes | ? |
Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP, diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate) is an organophosphate insecticide. It is an oily, colorless or faint yellow liquid with melting point -82 °C and boiling point 46 °C. Its chemical formula is C6H14FO3P. It is stable, and it undergoes hydrolysis when subjected to moisture, producing hydrofluoric acid. It is a structural analog of sarin.
Its CAS number is [55-91-4] [1] and its SMILES structure is FP(OC(C)C) (OC(C)C)=O.
It is known also under names Demecarium, Difluorophate, Diflupyl, Diflurphate, Dyflos, Dyphlos, Fluoropropyl, Fluropryl, Fluostigmine, Humorsol, isofluorophate, isofluorphate, Neoglaucit, PF-3, PF3, T-1703, TL 466, and others.
Contents |
[edit] Uses in medicine
Diisopropylfluorophosphate (closely related to demecarium bromide) has been used in ophthalmology as a miotic agent in treatment of chronic glaucoma, as a miotic in veterinary medicine, and as an experimental agent in neuroscience because of its acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties and ability to induce delayed peripheral neuropathy. It is known as fluostigmine and Dyflos in such uses.
[edit] Uses as toxin
The marked toxicity of esters of monofluorophosphoric acid was discovered in 1932, when Willy Lange and his PhD student Gerda von Krueger prepared the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, and n-butyl esters and incidentally experienced their toxic effects. Another homologue of this series of esters, Diisopropylfluorophosphate, was developed by British scientist Bernard Charles Saunders. On his search for compounds to be used as chemical warfare agents, Saunders was inspired by the report by Lange und Krueger and decided to prepare the new homologue which he labeled PF-3. It was much less deadly than tabun or sarin, however it could be mixed with mustard gas, forming a more potent mixture with significantly lower melting point, resulting in an agent suitable for use in cold weather. In military research, due to its physical and chemical similarities and comparatively low toxicity, it is used as a simulant of G-agents (GA, GB, GD, GF).
Diisopropylfluorophosphate is a very potent neurotoxin. Its LD50 for rats is 1.3 mg/kg. It combines with the amino acid serine at the active site of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. The enzyme deactivates the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Neurotransmitters are needed to continue the passage of nerve impulses from one neuron to another across the synapse. Once the impulse has been transmitted, acetylcholinesterase functions to deactivate the acetylcholine almost immediately by breaking it down. If the enzyme is inhibited, acetylcholine accumulates and nerve impulses cannot be stopped, causing prolonged muscle contraction. Paralysis occurs and death may result since the respiratory muscles are affected.
[edit] Sources
- Brenner, G. M. (2000): Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-7757-6
- Meiers, P. (2006): History of the fluorophosphates
[edit] External links
| Antiglaucoma preparations and miotics (S01E) edit | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sympathomimetics: |
Apraclonidine, Brimonidine, Clonidine, Dipivefrine, Epinephrine | |
| Parasympathomimetics: |
Aceclidine, Acetylcholine, Carbachol, Demecarium, Echothiophate, Fluostigmine, Neostigmine, Paraoxon, Physostigmine, Pilocarpine | |
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: |
Acetazolamide, Brinzolamide, Diclofenamide, Dorzolamide, Methazolamide | |
| Beta blocking agents: |
Befunolol, Betaxolol, Carteolol, Levobunolol, Metipranolol, Timolol | |
| Prostaglandin analogues: | ||
| Other agents: | ||
