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Gatorade is a non-carbonated sports drink marketed by Quaker Oats Company, a division of PepsiCo. Originally made for athletes, it is now often consumed as a snack beverage. The drink is intended to rehydrate and to replenish the carbohydrates (in the form of sugars sucrose and glucose) and electrolytes (sodium and potassium salts) depleted during aerobic exercise, especially in warmer climates.

Contents 1 Composition 2 Gatorade Sports Science Institute 3 Competition 4 Flavors 4.1 Flavors in the United States with known introduction dates 4.1.1 1967 4.1.2 1973 4.1.3 1983 4.1.4 1993 4.1.5 1997 4.1.6 1999 4.1.7 2001 4.1.8 2002 4.1.9 2003 4.1.10 2004 4.1.11 2005 4.1.12 2006 4.1.13 Year unknown 4.2 Flavors available outside the U.S. 4.3 Energy Bar flavors 4.4 Chewing Gum flavors 5 Popular culture 6 Common substitutes 7 External links

[edit] Composition

The original Gatorade contained water, sucrose (table sugar) and glucose-fructose syrups, citric acid, sodium chloride (table salt), sodium citrate, monopotassium phosphate, and flavoring/coloring ingredients. It supplies 127 mg/l of potassium and 464 mg/l of sodium, and 59 g/l of carbohydrates (in the form of sugars). The current (2006) Gatorade panel claims that Gatorade rehydrates athletes better than water because the flavor makes it easier to drink.

Gatorade also markets an Energy Formula and an Endurance Formula. The Energy Formula was introduced in 2000 and contains more monosaccharides and carbohydrates for quick available energy needed during athletic competition. As a result, this formula is sweeter than regular Gatorade. It comes in 12-fluid ounce plastic bottles in the U.S. The Endurance Formula, introduced in 2004, contains more of the electrolytes (such as calcium and magnesium) than the typical Gatorade formula. The additional electrolytes replenish what the body sweats out during extended periods of physical exertion, especially in hot weather. Because of this, the Endurance Formula tastes saltier than original Gatorade.

In 2000, Gatorade introduced Propel Fitness drink. Propel Fitness Water is sweetened with sucrose syrup, sucralose and acesulfame potassium. Propel has the same electrolytes as Gatorade, along with some vitamins. Propel Fitness Water with Calcium was introduced in 2006. Also, in 2006, Gatorade introduced its Rain flavor line, which features a lighter, watery taste similar to its Propel line.

Gatorade revealed the Gatorade line Energy Bar in 1999. This energy bar was Gatorade's first foray into solid foods, and was introduced to compete with PowerBar and Clif Bar. Gatorade Energy Bars contain a large proportion of protein in addition to its carbohydrates. The bar is mainly made up of puffed grains and corn syrup, common components of energy bars.

[edit] Gatorade Sports Science Institute

The Gatorade Sports Science Institute (GSSI) is a facility for researching athletics and hydration. The headquarters are in Barrington, Illinois and were established in 1988. The facility has laboratories especially for studying nutrition, exercise physiology, and biochemistry.

[edit] Competition

Gatorade's main competition is POWERade, made by the Coca-Cola Company. Kool-Aid also holds a fair share of potential sports drink consumers. All Sport is a competitor marketed by Monarch Beverage Company, of Atlanta, Georgia. All Sport was marketed by PepsiCo until 2001, when Gatorade's maker, the Quaker Oats Company was acquired by PepsiCo. All Sport was sold off to the Monarch Beverage Company soon after.

Outside the United States the Lucozade energy drink (manufactured since 1927 by the pharmaceutical company now known as GlaxoSmithKline) competes with Gatorade and Powerade. Lucozade's formulation differs in that it uses primarily glucose and contains caffeine. The more direct competitor to Gatorade and Powerade is Lucozade Sport.

[edit] Flavors

[edit] Flavors in the United States with known introduction dates

[edit] 1967

• Lemon Lime (yellow)

[edit] 1973

• Orange (orange)

[edit] 1983

• Fruit Punch (red)

[edit] 1993

• Iced Tea Cooler (brown - discontinued in 1995)

[edit] 1997

• Frost Glacier Freeze (light blue)
• Frost Riptide Rush (purple)
• Frost Alpine Snow (white, discontinued.)
• Frost Whitewater Splash (green, discontinued in favor of High Tide)
• Frost Clear Melon (colorless, discontinued)
• Lemon Ice (colorless, discontinued)

[edit] 1999

• Fierce Lime (green, discontinued)
• Fierce Melon (orange)
• Fierce Berry (red, discontinued)
• Fierce Grape (dark blue-violet)
• Midnight Thunder (black, discontinued)

[edit] 2001

• Passion Fruit (pink, discontinued)
• Starfruit (light green, discontinued)
• Frost High Tide (green, discontinued)

[edit] 2002

• Strawberry Ice (colorless, discontinued)
• Lime Ice (colorless, discontinued)
• Orange Ice (colorless, discontinued)
• Frost Cascade Crash (blue, discontinued)

[edit] 2003

• Cool Blue (blue)
• Extremo Tropical Intenso (red)
• Extremo Citrico Vibrante (yellow, discontinued)
• Extremo Mango Electrico (orange)
• Watermelon Ice (colorless)
• Berry Citrus (red, discontinued)
• Fierce Strawberry (dark pink)

[edit] 2004

• ESPN the Flavor (red, discontinued)
• X-Factor Fruit Punch + Berry (red)
• X-Factor Orange + Tropical Fruit (red-orange)
• X-Factor Lemon-lime + Strawberry (yellow-green)

[edit] 2005

• Lemonade (light yellow)
• Raspberry Lemonade (very light pink)
• Strawberry Lemonade (pink)
• All-Stars Grape (dark blue-violet, discontinued)
• All-Stars Lemon-Lime (yellow, discontinued)
• All-Stars Berry (blue)
• All-Stars Strawberry (red)
• Cooler Orange (orange, limited edition, discontinued)

[edit] 2006

• Berry Rain (light purple)
• Lime Rain (dark green)
• Tangerine Rain (light orange)
• Cherry Rain (light red) (promotional flavor being offered only in 7-11 stores for Summer 2006)
• Fierce Wild Berry (blue)

[edit] Year unknown

• All-Stars Ice Punch (colorless)
• All-Stars Tropical Punch (orange, discontinued)
• Gatorade Smoothies (Orange, Fruit Punch, Mango, Strawberry)
• Citrus Cooler (Yellow-orange) (4th flavor, introduced during the 1980s after fruit punch; gained popularity as Michael Jordan's preferred flavor).
• Strawberry Kiwi (pink)
• Cherry Rush (Deep Red, Discontinued)
• M-M-Mandarina! ^{[citation needed]} (Mandarin Orange; produced and distributed primarily into Hispanic neighborhoods; stronger in flavor than other Orange Gatorade flavors)
• Electric Mango ^{[citation needed]} (light shade of Orange)

[edit] Flavors available outside the U.S.

Active Alpine Snow Antarctic Freeze Arctic Snow Apple Apple Ice Berry Citrus Berry Rain Black Ice Blueberry Blue Bolt Blue Raspberry Blue Thunder Cascade Crash Challenge Citrus Citrus Cooler Citrus Fruit Citrus Water Cool Blue Cool Blue Raspberry Cool Cascade Coom Rush Extremo Citrico Vibrante Extremo Mango Electrico Extremo Tropical Intenso Fierce Berry Fierce Citrus Fruit Fierce Grape Fierce Lemon

Fierce Lime Fierce Melon Fierce Orange Cherry Fierce Strawberry Fruit Punch Furia Intensa Glacier Freeze Grape Grapefruit Green Green Apple High Tide Kiwi Lemon Lemonade Lemon Chill Lemon Ice Lemon Lime Lemon Mix Lime Ice Lime Rain Mandarin Mango Maracuya Nespera Orange Orange Grapefruit Orange Ice Orange Mix Passion Fruit Peach Cooler

Pink Grapefruit Pro Raspberry Red Red Orange Red Tornado Riptide Rush Sky Blast Strawberry Ice Strawberry Kiwi Strawberry Passion Fruit Strawberry Watermelon Tangerine Tangerine Rain Tropical Tropical Burst Tropical Fruit Tropical Storm Watermelon Chill Watermelon Ice White Ice Wild Water Rush X-Factor Fruit Punch + Berry X-Factor Lemon Lime + Strawberry

[edit] Energy Bar flavors

• Berry (discontinued)
• Chocolate
• Chocolate Chip
• Peanut Butter
• Peanut Butter & Chocolate Chip
• Brownie

[edit] Chewing Gum flavors

• Lemon Lime (discontinued)

[edit] Popular culture

• In Clerks., Dante Hicks' (Brian O'Halloran) hockey teammates request free Gatorade from the Quick Stop convenience store.

• In The Waterboy, Coach Klein (Henry Winkler) tells Bobby Boucher (Adam Sandler) that Gatorade is better than water, in an effort to harness his inner rage for use on the football field.

• Comedian Mitch Hedberg, making a reference to Gatorade's traditional marketing campaigns that focus exclusively on the athletics market, has said in his stand-up comedy:

"You know, people think I'm into sports just because I'm a man. I'm not into sports. I mean, I like Gatorade, but that's about as far as it goes. By the way, you don't have to be sweaty and holding a basketball to enjoy a Gatorade. You could just be a thirsty dude. Gatorade forgets about this demographic. I'm thirsty for absolutely no reason. Other than the fact that liquid has not touched my lips for some time. Can I have a Gatorade too, or does that lightning bolt mean 'No'?"

• In Paul Simon's song, "Papa Hobo" on his self-titled album, he sings, "I'll be living off Gatorade,planning my getaway."

[edit] Common substitutes

A number of "electrolyte replacement drinks" have been introduced in both commercial and non-commercial contexts. Two of the more popular home recipes are:

• Water, vinegar (usually a strongly flavored vinegar such as apple cider), molasses (sometimes black strap), and sometimes other flavorings such as honey and/or ginger (usually powdered). This is called switchel. [1]
• Water, Kool-Aid mix, various salts, and sometimes other minerals such as sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). This makes a more "Gatorade-like" drink than switchel. [2]

See also: Oral rehydration therapy

[edit] External links

• Gatorade.com
• Gatorade Sports Science Institute
• Gatorade page at the University of Florida
• Details of "true" Gatorade urban-legend
• Nutrition facts
• Sources

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