Genoese dialect

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Genoese (Zeneize or Zena) is a dialect of Italy. It belongs in the Ligurian group, which is listed in Ethnologue as a language in its own right (not to be confused with the ancient Ligurian language). It is spoken in Genoa, the principal city of Liguria. Along with the languages of Lombardy, Piedmont, and surrounding regions, it is of Gallo-Italic Romance derivation.

In terms of differences from Standard Italian, Genoese exhibits some similarities with French, and there are also influences from German. The language is dying out, but is still spoken by much of the elderly population.

There was a small-scale prominence of Genoese vernacular literature, especially in the 19th century; this was not sufficient enough, however, to see the development of regularization of spelling or grammar.

Genoese phonology includes but very few likenesses with French, for instance heavily nasalized vowels before nasal consonants (i.e. in VN(C) sequences), which also occur when Genoese speakers speak Standard Italian. There used to be a uvular /ʀ/ opposed to an apical /r/, but the former is to be considered vestigial if not completely extinct. There is also no (English-like) contracted approximant for /r/ (as mistakenly indicated by Forner). By far the most widespread type of /r/ today is the alveolar tap [ɾ] (identical to unstressed Standard Italian /r/).

Accents include those to the east of Genoa (Nervi, Quinto, Quarto), to the west (Voltri, Prà, Pegli, Sestri), and in the central Polcevera Valley and Bisagno.

1 Tongue twisters
2 Expressions
3 Phonology
4 External links

[edit] Tongue twisters

So asæ s'a sâ a sä asæ pe sâ a säsissa = I don't have a clue whether the salt is going to be enough to salt the sausage
Sciâ scïe scignua, sciando sciâ xœa in scî scï = Ski, madam, skying you fly on skis
Ao mœ nœo gh'è nœe nae nœe; a ciû nœa de nœe nae nœe a n'œ anâ = At the new pier there are nine new ships; the newest of the nine new ships doesn't want to go)
Gi'angiai g'han gi'oggi gi'uegge gi'unge cume gi'atri? = Do angels have eyes, ears, and (finger)nails like everyone else? [variant of the Cogorno comune].

[edit] Expressions

Son zeneize, rizo ræo, strenzo i denti e parlo ciæo = "I'm Genoese, I seldom laugh, I grind my teeth, and I say what I mean" (lit. "speak clearly)

Al bambino che si lamenta Ho famme, facilmente la mamma gli risponde: Grattite e zenugge e fatte e lasagne (grattati le ginocchia e fatti le lasagne) = Scratch your knees and make lasagna
pòscito ese alûghetôo (Possa tu essere portato via (?): è una imprecazione con cui si manda a quel paese qualcuno che l'ha fatta grossa.)
Chi veû vive da bôn cristian, da-i begghin u stagghe lôntan = If you want to live as a good Christian, stay away from those who pretend to be devout; a traditional warning to beware of fanatics and hypocrites.
A l'è meggiû e braghe sguarèe 'ntô cû, che ô cû sguarôu in t'e braghe. = It is better to have trousers that are torn in the ass, than to have ass that is torn in trousers.