Ghurids

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The Ghurids (or Ghoris; self-designation: Shansabānī) were a Persian (Tājīk) Sunni Muslim dynasty in Khorasan<ref>Encyclopaedia Iranica, "Ghurids", C.E. Bosworth [1]</ref><ref>Encyclopaedia of Islam, "Ghurids", C.E. Bosworth, Online Edition, 2006: "... The Shansabānīs were, like the rest of the Ghūrīs, of eastern Iranian Tājīk stock. ..."</ref>. The Ghurid's empire stretched over a vast area including Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Turkistan, Iraq and parts of other Arab countries.

Between 1175 and 1192 under the leadership of Muhammad of Ghor, they occupied Uch, Multan, Peshawar, Lahore, and Delhi. In 1206, one of the Ghurid generals, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, the conqueror of Delhi, made himself independent and founded the first of a succession of dynasties collectively known as the Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526).<ref>Ira M. Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press 2002</ref> Currently, the area which once was the heart of the Ghurid Civilization has been deserted and infighting between Afghans, Soviet invasions, and other strife has destroyed many archeologically valuable structures and items across Afghanistan.