Grande Prairie, Alberta
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- "Grande Prairie" redirects here. For the city in Texas, see Grand Prairie, Texas.
| Grande Prairie | |
| Image:GrandePrairie-seal.png | |
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| Area | 62.3 km² |
| Population | 44,631 (2005) |
| Pop'n density | 716.4 /km² |
| Location | |
| Altitude | 669 m metres |
| Incorporation | Village: 1914 Town: 1919 City: 1958 |
| Province | Alberta |
| Census Division | 19 |
| Members of the Legislative Assembly | Gordon Graydon, Mel Knight |
| MP | Chris Warkentin |
| Mayor | Wayne Ayling |
| Governing Body | Grande Prairie City Council |
| Time zone | MST (UTC-7) |
| Postal code | T8V to T8X |
| Area Code | +1-780 |
| City of Grande Prairie | |
Grande Prairie ( MST) is the chief city in the northwestern part of the province of Alberta in Western Canada. It is located on the southern edge of the Peace River Country (part of the Peace Region or simply "The Peace", as is often locally known, which encompasses much of northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia). The city is surrounded by Grande Prairie County. A resident of Grande Prairie is known as a Grande Prairian.
The city of Grande Prairie is one of Canada's fastest growing cities and in 2005, its population was 44,631 (the boundaries of the Census Agglomeration are the same as those for the city proper, and thus the population is the same). It is currently Alberta's 7th largest city. Grande Prairie is the largest city between Edmonton and Fairbanks, Alaska along the Highway 43 and Alaska Highway routes. It lies about 460 and 2,480 kilometres from each city respectively.
The city has adopted the endangered Trumpeter swan as an official symbol because it is near the migration route and summer nesting grounds of this large and graceful swan. For that reason, Grande Prairie is sometimes nicknamed the "Swan City".
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[edit] History
European fur traders entered the Peace River Country as early as 1770 and in 1881, Grande Prairie began as a Hudson Bay trading post. The city was so named because Father Grouard, a late 19th Century Roman Catholic missionary, was said to have described the rolling plains and the large open prairies of the aspen parkland as "la grande prairie".
The Edson Trail from Edson to Grande Prairie was opened in 1911 as a means for settlers to reach the Grande Prairie area. It was basically nothing more than a tract of clear cut bush and forest, and thus was a very difficult route for many settlers, especially during wet weather. Because of this, large scale settlement came late compared to other major farming regions further south in Canada. Grande Prairie was incorporated as a town by the Province of Alberta in 1914. It was not until the arrival of the railway in 1916 that farmland quickly expanded as waves of settlers came into the Peace region. A local recession in the 1920s caused a temporary depopulation of Grande Prairie. But the population rebounded afterwards by the 1930s, by which time the population had reached 1,464. Settlement continued unabated even into the 1930s during the Dust Bowl era because the Peace Region was able to escape the severe drought conditions that plagued the Canadian Prairies further south at the time<ref>David W. Leonard, Chronology of Grande Prairie to 1951</ref>.
The Second World War saw the US and Canadian military establish Grande Prairie as a part of the Northwest Staging Route for the construction of the Alaska Highway from Dawson Creek to Alaska. Although Dawson Creek was chosen as the major starting point of the construction of the Alaska highway, Grande Prairie was a major stopover point for military aircraft during the war, and benefited economically from this.
Although Grande Prairie was well located in the southern edge of the Peace Region, it was competing with the towns of Peace River and Dawson Creek for the title of the most important centre of commerce and agriculture in the region until the late 1950s, when its population growth began to outstrip these towns as oil and natural gas exploration was underway in the Peace Region, especially since the first major discovery of oil further south in Leduc near Edmonton in 1947 and the construction of a large pulp mill in the early 1970s.
The construction and paving of Highway 43 (originally sections of Highways 2, 34 and 43 from the BC border to the Yellowhead Highway just west of Edmonton) in 1956 cut down on the travel time by road significantly, further enhancing Grande Prairie's accessibility and economic status. The town was incorporated as a City in 1958. At that time, its population was approximately 7,600.
The opening of the Procter & Gamble kraft pulp mill in 1972 and the discovery of the Elmworth deep basin gas field spurred an economic boom. Grande Prairie's population went from just over 12,000 in the early 1970s to over 24,000 by the time the oil boom went bust in 1981.
A tornado struck the downtown area and east side of Grande Prairie on July 8, 2004. Although the tornado was considered a very weak one (F0-F1 on the Fujita scale) and the weather was not severe at the time, it was still strong enough to incur damage to houses and flip vehicles over. Fortunately, there were few casualties and no fatalities.
[edit] Geography
Grande Prairie is located just north of the 55th Parallel, and is 465 km (289 miles) northwest of Edmonton. The city of Grande Prairie lies at an elevation of 669 m (2195 ft) above sea level. The city is surrounded by farmland to the north, east and west. To the south, it is mostly a vast boreal forest with aspen, tamarack, lodgepole pine, jack pine, and black spruce extending well into the foothills of the Canadian Rockies south of the city.
Bear Creek goes through the city from the northwest to the south end and is a tributary of the Wapiti River to the south. The Bear Creek Reservoir is the small body of water by Grande Prairie Regional College in the northwest part of the city, and is ringed by marshy wetland. The terrain immediately surrounding Grande Prairie is largely flat to gently rolling, but rises gradually to hilly terrain closer to the foothills to the south and southwest. On clear days, some peaks in the Rockies are visible to the southwest from Grande Prairie.
The city lies on the southern edge of aspen parkland, which is a transitional biome between boreal forest and prairie. The Peace Country contains the northernmost area of aspen parkland in North America. However, much of the aspen parkland in the region has long since been altered by extensive farming and oil/gas drilling activity.
[edit] Surrounding communities
| Dawson Creek Fort St. John | Sexsmith Fairview | Peace River Grimshaw |
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| Beaverlodge Hythe Wembley | Image:North.svg | Valleyview | ||
| Image:West.svg Grande Prairie Image:East.svg | ||||
| Image:South.svg | ||||
| Grande Cache |
[edit] Climate
Grande Prairie has a northern continental climate typical of Alberta and northeastern BC. Winters are generally cold with some mild spells. Summers are often fairly cool to pleasantly warm in the daytime, but nights can be cool despite the long summer days typical for its latitude. Hot days over 30°C (86°F) are rare, occurring on average only one to two days a year, which is not unexpected this far north. Winter conditions can vary tremendously from year to year. Winters have been known to be mild enough to produce "brown Christmas" conditions, where little or no snow may fall until after Christmas due to unusually mild early winter conditions.
The average January temperature is -15°C (-9°C average high and -19°C average low) and the average July temperature is 15.9°C (22°C average high and 10°C average low). However, temperatures as low as -52°C and as high as 42°C have been recorded. Grande Prairie gets 317.7 mm (12.5") of rain and 158.6 cm (5'2") of snow per year on average. The total annual precipitation is 446.6 mm (17.6") <ref>WeatherOffice - Grande Prairie annual precipitation</ref> which includes both rain and snow. Snowfall amounts, however, vary greatly from year to year. Being fairly close to the foothills of the Canadian Rockies, it can get quite windy in Grande Prairie, especially in the spring and fall. Chinooks are not an unheard of occurrence in the Grande Prairie area. It is recorded that Grande Prairie has 314 sunshine days per year.
Summers can bring thunderstorms, although they are not as frequent nor as severe as those further south in Central Alberta. Rainfall can vary from year to year, but the Peace Region is noted for never having experienced truly severe drought conditions more typical of Southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. Although a tornado struck the city on July 9, 2004, which was weak but still powerful enough to flip vehicles and do minor damage, it should be noted that tornadoes are rare but not unknown in the Peace Region.
[edit] Economy
Major industries include oil and gas, agriculture, forestry, services, and technology. Grande Prairie is one of the most economically diverse cities in Alberta outside Edmonton and Calgary.
Agriculture was the first economic mainstay of Grande Prairie since settlement began in the early 20th Century, and is still an essential part of the local economy today. A variety of crops such as barley, wheat, canola and oats is widely grown in the Peace region, as well as livestock such as cattle, and even buffalo(bison). Despite the latitude (north of 55°N), the climate is mild enough to allow for farming on a large scale to prosper. Daylight hours also tend to be quite long during the summer at this latitude, aiding in crop production. The Peace Region is the northernmost major farming region in North America, and land there is still being cleared for new farmland.
Although some oil and gas drilling has been ongoing in the South Peace since the 1950s, oil and gas exploration did not begin to occur on a large scale until the late 1970s. It was in the mid-1970s that the Elmworth gas field was discovered and exploited, causing the city to grow rapidly until the last oil boom ended in 1981.
Forestry is a major part of Grande Prairie's economy, for large tracts of forest lie to the south in the foothills and the Canadian Rockies. The Weyehaeuser Canada kraft pulp mill is one of Grande Prairie's largest employers and was opened in 1972. It was originally owned by Procter & Gamble until it was sold to Weyerhaeuser Canada in 1992. Canfor runs a sawmill and lumber yard operation in the west side of the city. The Ainsworth OSB (Oriented Strand Board) plant opened in late 1995. Canfor runs a sawmill and lumber yard just west of Bear Creek in the south side of the city.
Grande Prairie serves as the economic and transportation hub for a trading area of nearly 250,000 people. Grande Prairie is also on the CANAMEX trade route linking Canada, the United States and Mexico.
Due to the fact that Alberta has no provincial sales tax and that Grande Prairie is fairly close to the Alberta-BC border, there is a high number of shoppers from British Columbia. Hence, it is not unusual to see a large number of vehicles with BC license plates in retail and mall parking lots in Grande Prairie.
[edit] Transportation
[edit] Air
Grande Prairie Airport (ICAO Code CYQU, IATA Code YQU) serves the region with regular flights to Calgary, Edmonton, Red Deer, Vancouver, and smaller communities. Five airlines offer service to Grande Prairie Regional Airport — Air Canada Jazz, WestJet, Northwestern Air, Peace Air, and Swanberg Air. The airport has seen much higher than expected growth in both passenger and aircraft traffic in recent years. The terminal, built in 1981, is currently being renovated with an expansion scheduled for as early as 2007.
[edit] City public transit
The city operates a small public transit system with modern buses and an extensive and centralized route system throughout the city.
[edit] Bus
Greyhound Canada offers scheduled bus service to Grande Prairie from Edmonton and other communities in northwestern Alberta and northeastern British Columbia and Yukon Territory.
[edit] Highways and arterial roads
Highway 43 is the primary highway into the city from the north and from Edmonton. Highway 43 meets Highway 2 a few kilometers north of the city at an intersection known locally as Four Mile Corner, then continues south into the city via a northwest bypass and west to the Alberta/BC border.
The stretch of Highway 2 extending north from Grande Prairie to Four Mile Corner and west to the Alberta/BC border was renumbered to Highway 43 in the late 1990s to link with the rest of Highway 43 from Four Mile Corner to the Yellowhead Highway just west of Edmonton. (This explains why newer maps no longer show that stretch west and a few km north of the city as Highway 2) The renumbering was also partly due to Highway 43 now being a part of the CANAMEX trade route and also that it is being widened to a four-lane divided highway along its entire length. Highway 40 is the primary access road into Grande Prairie from the south.
A new Highway 43 bypass to go around the northwest side of the city from Four Mile Corner to near the airport is being planned ("Four Mile Corner" is not an actual settlement - it is an intersection so-named because it is four miles north of the intersection of Clairmont Road (100th Street) and Richmond Avenue (100th Avenue). The future bypass is intended to replace the current one. The current bypass is no longer functioning well as one due to unacceptably high traffic volumes and new intersections. The rapid population growth of Grande Prairie is contributing to such a high increase in vehicle traffic that traffic jams are now common during peak hours. Construction of a new northwest bypass (Highway 43X) is planned for the near future, although funding for this project has not yet been announced by the provincial government.
Grande Prairie sees many vacationers heading to the Alaska Highway by road during the summer because Highway 43 leads towards Dawson Creek, BC, which is the "Mile 0" of the Alaska Highway.
[edit] Street layout
Grande Prairie's streets are usually numbered rather than named, with the exception of some major roadways. In fact, the street numbering system is modeled after that of Edmonton's.
The downtown core is centred at 100 Street (Clairmont Road) and 100 Avenue (Richmond Avenue). Streets run north-south, while avenues run east-west. The letter "A" is sometimes used if a street lies between two streets but doesn't correspond to the street numbering grid. For example, 100A Avenue would lie between 100 and 101 Avenues.
Houses and buildings with odd numbers are on the east side of a street or the south side of an avenue. Dropping the last two digits of a house number tells you what two streets or avenues the house lies between, for example 9835 101 Avenue is between 97 Street and 98 Street, and 11610 91 Street is between 116 Avenue and 117 Avenue.
[edit] Demographics
- Population: 44,631*
- Growth rate (1996-2005): 43%*
- Private Dwellings: 13,997
- Land Area: 62.3 km².*
- Density: 716.4 people per km².*
- Median Age: 29.7 (Alberta median age: 35.0)
- Median Income: $43,641
'*' - Adjusted to reflect the 2005 civic census. Other figures are according to the 2003 civic census or the 2001 Statistics Canada Census.
- Source:Statistics Canada<ref>Grande Prairie community profile - Statistics Canada. 2002. 2001 Community Profiles. Released June 27, 2002. Last modified: 2005-11-30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 93F0053XIE.</ref> and 2005 civic census.<ref>City of GP Population Demographics</ref>
[edit] Education
[edit] Post-secondary
Grande Prairie Regional College (GPRC), established in 1966, is the primary post-secondary institution in the city and offers degrees in a few programs. The present college campus was built in 1974 and expanded later in the early 1990s. Its unique architecture was originally designed by the renowned Canadian architect Douglas Cardinal.
The Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT) has plans to build a new campus in Grande Prairie on the southeast corner of 68 Avenue and Wapiti Road (Highway 40) in the near future. NAIT currently offers some programs through GPRC.
[edit] K-12
Grande Prairie has two public high schools. Grande Prairie Composite High School serves City of Grande Prairie high school students, and Peace Wapiti Academy serves high school students of the surrounding County of Grande Prairie<ref>GPRC - Grande Prairie Regional College</ref>. It also has ten elementary/junior high public schools for Grades K-9, some of which have programs for special needs students. There is also the Bridge Network, a school specially geared for students who cannot or will not attend the traditional high school education system due to various problems. Grande Prairie also has 11 Catholic schools, one of which is St. Joseph's High School.
[edit] Recreation and culture
The city boasts a number of parks and golf courses including the large Muskoseepi Park in the Bear Creek Valley and the Dunes Golf Course south of the city. Muskoseepi Park has excellent bike trails extending nearly the entire length of Bear Creek within the city. Muskoseepi Park also has an outdoor swinmming pool and a pavilion with a cafeteria and an outdoor pond which converts into a skating rink in the winter. Crystal Lake in the northeast part of the city also has parkland, preserved wetlands (great for birdwatching) and walking/bike paths around its entire circumference.
Recently there has been a huge upswing in the local music scene in Grande Prairie, this is attributed to the large number of younger citizens due to the economic growth in the last five years. Bands such as Singed, Prevail, and Emerson Drive are some of the more popular<ref>Grande Prairie Music Bands: Singed, Prevail, Emerson Drive</ref>.
Golfing is possible as late as after 11 o'clock in the evening in early summer due to the northern latitude. Grande Prairie has three 18-hole golf courses nearby (Dunes, Bear Creek, and Grande Prairie Golf & Country Club) and also a couple of 9-hole courses as well.
Cross-country skiing and snowmobiling are popular activities during the winter in the Grande Prairie area. There is a local ski hill called Nitehawk located south of the city on the south bank of the Wapiti River. Aside from skiing, Nitehawk also has the only North American natural luge track certified for international events and over the summer months freestyle ski jumpers can practice using the Northern Extreme water ramp facility.
The foothills south of Grande Prairie and around Grande Cache are popular year-round for hiking in the summer and for snowmobiling and other winter sports in the winter. Kakwa Wildland Park on the Alberta-BC border, about 180 km south of the city, is a beautiful and mountainous natural area and is known for a beautiful waterfall called Kakwa Falls.
The Leisure Centre — formerly, the "Rec-Plex" — is located in the northwest side near the Bear Creek Reservoir, features a pool, an ice rink, fitness equipment, and aerobics facilities.
Cultural venues include the Bowes Family Crystal Centre (a concert hall and hockey rink — the local AJHL team, the Grande Prairie Storm, plays there), the Grande Prairie Museum, the Prairie Art Gallery, and the Second Street Theatre.
The city includes some thirty churches of various denominations.
[edit] References
[edit] External links
- The City of Grande Prairie
- Discover The Peace Country.com - The visitors guide to Grande Prairie and other communities in the Peace Country in Alberta and BC
- The Daily Herald-Tribune - Grande Prairie's daily newspaper
| Census divisions | 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 - 13 - 14 - 15 - 16 - 17 - 18 - 19 |
|---|---|
| Cities | Airdrie - Brooks - Calgary - Camrose - Cold Lake - Edmonton - Fort Saskatchewan - Grande Prairie - Leduc - Lethbridge - Lloydminster - Medicine Hat - Red Deer - Spruce Grove - St. Albert - Wetaskiwin |
| Communities | Counties and Municipal Districts of Alberta - Towns of Alberta - Villages of Alberta - Hamlets of Alberta - Indian Reserves in Alberta - Métis in Alberta |
eo:Grande Prairie (Alberto) fr:Grande Prairie lt:Grande Prairie pt:Grande Prairie
