Grevilleoideae
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Grevilleoideae is a subfamily of the Proteaceae family of flowering plants. Mainly restricted to the southern hemisphere, it contains around 44 genera and about 950 species. Genera include Banksia, Grevillea and Macadamia.
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[edit] Description
The Grevilleoideae grow as trees, shrubs or subshrubs. They are highly variable, making it impossible to provide a simple, diagnostic identification key for the subfamily. One common and fairly diagnostic character is the occurrence of flowers in pairs that share a common bract. However, a few Grevilleoideae taxa do not have this property, having solitary flowers or inflorescences of unpaired flowers. In most taxa the flowers occur in densely packed heads or spikes, and the fruit is a follicle.
[edit] Distribution and habitat
Grevilleoideae are mainly a southern hemisphere family. The main centre of diversity is Australia, with around 700 of 950 species occurring there. There are surprisingly few Grevilleoideae taxa in South Africa; all most all of the Proteaceae taxa there belong to the subfamily Proteoideae.<ref name="Flora of Australia">Orchard, Anthony E. (ed.). “Proteaceae”, Flora of Australia, Volume 16: Elaeagnaceae, Proteaceae 1. Melbourne: Australian Biological Resources Study / CSIRO Publishing.</ref>
[edit] Taxonomy
The framework for classification of the Proteaceae was laid in 1975 by L. A. S. Johnson and Barbara Briggs.<ref name="Lawrence 1975">L. A. S. Johnson and Briggs, B. G. (1975). "On the Proteaceae – the evolution and classification of a southern family". Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Botany 70: 83–182.</ref> Their classification has been refined somewhat over the ensuing three decades, resulting in a fairly stable and widely accepted arrangement. Grevilleoideae is counted one of seven subfamilies of Proteaceae. Five of these are very small; Grevilleoideae and Proteoideae accounting for the majority of species.
Grevilleoideae is divided into tribes, subtribes and genera in the following way:
- Subfamily Grevilleoideae
- Tribe Oriteae
- Genus Orites
- Genus Neorites
- Genus Megahertzia
- Tribe Knightieae
- Subtribe Knightiinae
- Subtribe Cardwelliinae
- Genus Cardwellia
- Tribe Embothrieae'
- Subtribe Stenocarpinae
- Genus Strangea
- Genus Stenocarpus
- Subtribe Buckinghamiinae
- Genus Buckinghamia
- Genus Opisthiolepis
- Subtribe Lomatiinae
- Genus Lomatia
- Subtribe Embothriinae
- Genus Alloxylon
- Genus Embothrium
- Genus Oreocallis
- Genus Telopea
- Subtribe Stenocarpinae
- Tribe Helicieae
- Subtribe Hollandaeinae
- Genus Hollandaea
- Subtribe Heliciinae
- Subtribe Triuniinae
- Genus Triunia
- Subtribe Hollandaeinae
- Tribe Macadamieae
- Subtribe Gevuininae
- Genus Euplassa
- Genus Gevuina
- Genus Sleumerodendron
- Genus Turrillia
- Subtribe Hicksbeachiinae
- Genus Malagasia
- Genus Hicksbeachia
- Genus Athertonia
- Genus Virotia
- Genus Catalepidia
- Genus Heliciopsis
- Subtribe Floydiinae
- Genus Floydia
- Subtribe Macadamiinae
- Subtribe Lambertiinae
- Genus Lambertia
- Subtribe Roupalinae
- Genus Roupala
- Genus Kermadecia
- Subtribe Gevuininae
- Tribe Grevilleeae
- Tribe Banksieae
- Subtribe Musgraveinae
- Genus Musgravea
- Genus Austromuellera
- Subtribe Banksiinae
- Genus Banksia
- Genus Dryandra
- Genus Banksieaephyllum (for organically preserved fossil leaves consistent with subtribe Banksiinae but which cannot be further ascribed.)
- Genus Banksieaeformis (for fossil leaves architecturally consistent with Banksieae but for which no leaf cuticles have been preserved.)
- Genus Banksieaeidites (for fossil pollen consistent with subtribe Banksiinae but which cannot be further ascribed.)
- Subtribe Musgraveinae
- Tribe Oriteae
[edit] Uses
Many Grevilleoideae species are cultivated by the nursery industry, as barrier plants and for their prominent and distinctive flowers and foliage. Some species are of importance to the cut flower industry, especially some Banksia and Dryandra species. Two species of the genus Macadamia are grown commercially for edible nuts.
[edit] References
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