Guelders
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- For the present province also called "Guelders" in English, see Gelderland.
Guelders (Dutch: Gelre, German: Geldern) is the name of a historical duchy in the Low Countries. The present province of Gelderland (English also Guelders) in the Netherlands occupies most of the area of the former duchy. The duchy was named after the town of Geldern, which is now in Germany.
Guelders was often at war with the county of Holland and the bishopric of Utrecht, until the dukes of Burgundy acquired the whole area. The duchy was divided into four quarters:
- the quarter of Arnhem, also called the Veluwe
- the quarter of Nijmegen, also called the Betuwe
- the quarter of Zutphen
- the quarter of Roermond (now in the province of Limburg), also called the Upper Quarter of Guelders (Overkwartier. The actual centre was Montfort)
When the northern Netherlands revolted against Philip II of Spain, the three northern quarters became part of the United Provinces, while the Upper Quarter remained a part of the Spanish Southern Netherlands.
At the Treaty of Utrecht, ending the War of the Spanish Succession in 1713, the Spanish Upper Quarter was divided between Prussia (a.o. Geldern, Viersen, Horst, Venray), the United Provinces (a.o. Venlo, Montfort, Echt), Austria (a.o. Roermond, Niederkrüchten, Weert) and the duchy of Jülich (Erkelenz).
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[edit] Counts and Dukes of Guelders
[edit] House of Wassenberg
The first count of Guelders was Count Gerard IV of Wassenberg. For Guelders, he was of course numbered Gerard I. During Reinoud III's reign, the county of Guelders became a duchy.
- before 1096–about 1129 : Gerard I.
- about 1129–about 1131 : Gerard II "the tall", son of previous.
- about 1131–1182 : Henry I, son of previous.
- about 1160–about 1181 regent: Gerard, eldest son of Henry I.
- 1182–1207 : Otto I, youngest son of Henry I.
- 1207–1229 : Gerard III, son of previous.
- 1229–1271 : Otto II "the lame", son of previous.
- 1271–1318 : Reinoud I, son of previous.
- 1318–1343 : Reinoud II "the black", son of previous.
- 1343–1361 : Reinoud III "the fat", son of previous.
- 1343–1344 regent: Eleonor, daughter of Edward III of England, wife of Reinoud II.
- 1361–1371 : Edward, younger brother of Reinoud III.
- 1371 : Reinoud III "the fat"
[edit] House of Jülich-Hengebach
- 1371–1402 : William I, nephew of Reinoud III and Edward.
- 1371–1377 regent: William II of Jülich, William's father.
- 1402–1423 : Reinoud IV, brother of William I.
[edit] House of Egmond
- 1423–1465 : Arnold of Egmond, grandson of Reinoud IV's sister.
- 1423–1436 regent: John II of Egmond, Arnold's father.
- 1465–1471 : Adolf of Egmond, son of Arnold.
- 1471–1473 : Arnold of Egmond (again)
- Arnold sold the duchy of Guelders to Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, who was recognized by the Emperor as Duke of Guelders.
[edit] House of Burgundy
- 1473–1477 : Charles the Bold
- 1478–1482 : Mary of Burgundy
[edit] House of Habsburg
- 1482–1492: Philip the Handsome
- regent: Maximillian I
[edit] House of Egmond
The Egmond family did not abandon their claims to Guelders and Charles of Egmond conquered the duchy in 1492. He remained in power with support of the French king.
- 1492–1538 : Charles of Egmond, son of Adolf.
[edit] House of Cleves
- 1538–1543 : William "the rich"
[edit] House of Habsburg
- 1543–1555 : Charles V
- 1555–1598 : Philip II of Spain
[edit] Guelders in popular Culture
William Thatcher, the lead character in the 2001 film A Knight's Tale played by Heath Ledger took the title Sir Ulrich von Liechtenstein from Gelderland so as to appear to be of noble birth and thus qualify to participate in jousting.
[edit] External links
- Geldern-Heinsberg
- House of Egmont
- Map of Upper Guelders in 1789 - Northern Part
- Map of Upper Guelders in 1789 - Southern Partaf:Gelre
da:Hertugdømmet Geldern de:Herzogtum Geldern fr:Duché de Gueldre nl:Hertogdom Gelre pl:Geldern (kraina historyczna)
