HMNB Clyde
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- "Faslane" redirects here, for other meanings, see Faslane (disambiguation).
Her Majesty's Naval Base Clyde is the headquarters of the Royal Navy in Scotland, best known as the home of the United Kingdom's strategic deterrent submarine force. The base is actually two separate locations:
Faslane is also a Defence Logistics Organisation port, operated in dual site organisation with Great Harbour, Greenock, by Serco Denholm.<ref>Marine Services Planning Agreement</ref>
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[edit] Faslane Naval Base
- See also: Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom
Faslane Naval Base, situated on the Gare Loch, along with the RN Armaments Depot COULPORT on Loch Long make up HM Naval Base CLYDE. The Faslane site includes HMS Neptune as the Fleet Accommodation Centre thereby retaining a long Naval link with that name. Both the Gareloch and Loch Long are sea lochs extending northwards from the Firth of Clyde. The base serves as home base to the United Kingdom's fleet of Trident nuclear powered and armed submarines, as well as conventional nuclear powered submarines, supported by the Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines.
Faslane was first constructed and used as a base in World War II. During the 1960s, the United Kingdom began negotiations with the United States of America regarding the purchase of a Polaris nuclear missile system to be fired from 5 specially constructed submarines. In the end, only four were constructed; Resolution, Repulse, Renown and Revenge. These four submarines were permanently based at Faslane. One boat was always on patrol at any given time. In times of political instability, sometimes two boats would be deployed at sea.
[edit] Vanguard class SSBNs
In the 1980s, the British Government announced plans to replace the Polaris submarines with the newly developed Trident missile system, also to be based at Faslane. These submarines were named:
[edit] Swiftsure class SSNs
Faslane is also home to the Swiftsure class of hunter-killer submarines (SSNs). The Swiftsure class is the older of the two SSN classes of the Royal Navy and is due to be replaced by the Astute class submarines.
- HMS Sovereign
- HMS Superb
- HMS Sceptre
- HMS Spartan recently decommisioned
[edit] Other vessels
The Royal Navy has announced that the Astute-class SSN will also be based at Faslane. Also based there are the Mine countermeasure vessels of the 1st MCM Squadron. The patrol vessels of the Northern Ireland Squadron were based at Faslane from 1993 until the squadron was decommissioned in July 2005.
The base is the headquarters of Flag Officer Scotland, Northern England and Northern Ireland (FOSNNI), Naval Base Commander (Commodore) and Captain HMS Neptune. It is base to 3,000 service personnel, 800 of their families and 4,000 civilian workers.
[edit] Anti-nuclear demonstrations
Given the presence of these nuclear capable missiles, Faslane has attracted demonstrations by Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and other Scottish pressure groups, including Trident Ploughshares. A permanent peace camp is outside the base gates, and there are frequent demonstrations at the base gates. The presence of Faslane is also an issue in Scottish politics. The Scottish National Party, the Scottish Socialist Party, Saor Alba and the Scottish Green Party all oppose the deployment of nuclear weapons, although the Scottish National Party have made assurances that they would retain the base for the servicing of conventionally-armed and -powered naval units. It is not unusual for members of these parties, and indeed some from the Labour Party to be present. Also, some independents, such as George Galloway attend rallies outside Faslane. Such events aim to keep the base closed for as long as possible by preventing its staff from arriving for work, and usually involve large numbers of protestors being arrested for non-violent civil disobedience.
[edit] Faslane Peace Camp
Faslane Peace Camp is a permanent camp outside the base. It has been occupied continuously since 1982. It is planned to close in 2007.[citation needed]
[edit] Big Blockades
The Big Blockade at Faslane Naval Base is an annual event held since 1999 usually in the 2nd week of February, aiming to close the base for 24 hours. The event attracts thousands of peace activists and has on occasion resulted in more than 350 arrests
[edit] Faslane 365
Image:F365 finns.jpg The Faslane 365 campaign is an effort to establish a continuous protest at the base for a 365 day period using autonomous groups of 100 people.<ref>Faslane365 accessed 17 Oct 06</ref>
The campaign was launched in September 2006 with the first protest action commencing on 1 October 2006 carried out by a campaigning group of women associated with protests at Greenham Common.
As of 20 November 2006, there have been 301 arrests, but only one charge.[citation needed]<ref>http://www.faslane365.org</ref>
[edit] RNAD Coulport
The Royal Naval Armament Depot (RNAD) at Coulport, Loch Long is the other major part of HMNB Clyde. RNAD Coulport stores conventional armaments for Royal Navy vessels but is best known for its role in the Trident missile system.
Nuclear weapon storage bunkers have been excavated from a ridge. From here British-designed and built nuclear warheads can be fitted to the Trident missiles (built by Lockheed Martin). Whilst the warheads themselves are British-owned and built, the delivery system is not actually owned by the United Kingdom and instead it has ownership rights to some 58 missiles from a "pool" shared with the U.S. Navy, this is a necessary capability. Whole missiles can be lifted out of or into a submarine, however the missiles are normally serviced at the U.S. Navy facility at Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay in Georgia.
Initial construction took place between 1963, when Faslane was chosen as the new Polaris base, and 1968, when the first Polaris boat began its patrol. Safety considerations required that the armament maintenance and storage facility have its own berth and be at least 4,400 feet from the main facility, whilst operational considerations dictated that the two facilities should be within an hour's sailing time. Coulport, on the opposite peninsula, met both of these requirements.<ref>The United Kingdom, Nuclear Weapons, and the Scottish Question, Malcom Chalmers, William Walker</ref> Additional construction took place during the 80s to support the Trident missile programme.
[edit] Notes
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[edit] References
| Royal Navy Bases | Image:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg |
|---|---|
| HMNB Devonport | HMNB Clyde | HMNB Portsmouth | RNAS Yeovilton | RNAS Culdrose | |
