Hat

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For other uses, see Hat (disambiguation).
File:Chapeaux en peau de castor.jpg
A collection of 18th and 19th century hats
File:Gynaikeie Petit Palais ADUT00333.jpg
A woman with a hat. Ancient Greek Attic red-figure pelike, 440–430 BC, from Nola, Italy. Musée du Petit Palais, Paris.
File:Altes Museum-Tanagra-lady with fan.jpg
Ancient Greek statue of a lady with blue and gilt garment, fan and sun hat, from Tanagra, 325-300 BC, Altes Museum, Berlin.

A hat is a head covering used for several reasons. It may be worn for protection against the elements, for ceremonial or religious reasons, for safety, or as a fashion accessory.<ref>The Wearing of Hats Fashion History</ref> In the past, hats were an indicator of social status.<ref>The social meanings of hats</ref> In the military, they may denote nationality, branch of service, rank and/or regiment.<ref>Insignia:The Way You Tell Who's Who in the Military</ref>

Contents

[edit] History

One of the first pictorial depictions of a hat appears in a Thebes tomb painting which shows a man wearing a coolie-style straw hat. Other early hats were the Pileus, a simple skull cap; the Phrygian cap, worn by freed slaves in Greece and Rome; and the Greek Pestasos, the first known hat with a brim. Women wore veils, kerchiefs, hoods, caps and wimples. Structured hats for women similar to those of male courtiers began to be worn in the late 16th century.<ref>Hat history</ref> The term ‘milliner’ comes from the Italian city of Milan, where the best quality hats were made in the 18th century. Millinery was traditionally a woman’s occupation, with the milliner not only creating hats and bonnets but also choosing lace, trimmings and accessories to complete an outfit.<ref>Vintage fashion guild</ref>

In the first half of the 19th century, women wore bonnets that gradually became larger, decorated with ribbons, flowers, feathers and gauze trims. By the end of the century, many other styles were introduced, among them hats with wide brims and flat crowns, the flower pot and the toque. By the middle of the 1920s, when women began to cut their hair short, they chose hats that hugged the head like a helmet.<ref>Hat history</ref>

[edit] Hat design

File:1822-Millinery-shop-Paris-Chalon.jpg
Paris millinery shop, 1822

A hat may consist of four main parts:<ref>David Morgan: Hat Care</ref>

[edit] Famous hatmakers

One of the most famous London hatters is James Lock & Co of St James's Street.<ref>see Whitbourn, F.: 'Mr Lock of St James's St Heinemann, 1971.</ref> Another was Sharp & Davis of 6 Fish Street Hill.<ref>For an account of the Sharp family's hat-making business, see Knapman, D. - 'Conversation Sharp - The Biography of a London Gentleman, Richard Sharp (1759-1835), in Letters, Prose and Verse'. [Private Publication, 2004]. British Library.</ref> John B. Stetson is a well-known American hat company.[citation needed] In the late 20th century museums credited London-based David Shilling with reinventing hats worldwide. Notable Belgian hat designers are Elvis Pompilio and Fabienne Delvigne, whose hats are worn by European royals.<ref>Brussels life</ref> St. Clement, the patron saint of felt hatmakers, is said to have discoverd wool felt when he filled his sandals with flax fibers to protect his feet.<ref>http://www.hatsandcaps.co.uk/Hat-History-Ahat_history/</ref>

[edit] Hat styles

Image Name Description
100px Akubra Australian felt hat with a wide brim.
100px Balaclava A form of headgear covering the whole head, exposing only the face or upper part of it, and sometimes only the eyes. Also known as a ski mask.
100px Barretina A traditional style, in red it is now used as a symbol of Catalan identity. It is worn with the top flopping down.
100px Baseball cap A type of soft cap with a long, stiffened and curved peak.
100px Beanie A brimless cap with a small visor once popular among school boys.
100px Bearskin The tall, furry, full dress uniform hat of the Brigade of Guards designed to protect the footguards against sword-cuts, commonly seen at Buckingham Palace.
100px Balmoral bonnet Traditional Scottish bonnet or cap worn with Scottish Highland dress.
100px Beaver hat Hats made of felted beaver fur.
100px Beret Soft round cap, usually of wool felt, with a flat crown, worn by both men and women and traditionally associated with France. Also used in the military.
100px Bicorne Military hat with upturned corners, also known as a cocked hat.
100px Biretta A square cap with three or four ridges or peaks worn by Roman Catholic clergy and some Anglican and Lutheran clergy.
100px Boater Flat-brimmed and flat-topped straw hat, formerly worn by seamen, and now mostly at summer regattas or garden parties, often with a ribbon in club or college colors.
100px Boonie hat A soft cotton wide-brim hat commonly used by militaries. Similar to a bucket hat.
100px Boss of the plains A lightweight all-weather hat designed by John B. Stetson for the demands of the American west.
100px Bowler / Derby A hard felt hat with a rounded crown created in 1850 by Lock's of St James's, the hatters to Thomas Coke, 2nd Earl of Leicester, for his servants. Sometimes known as a derby hat.
100px Bucket hat A soft cotton hat with a wide, downwards-sloping brim.
100px Busby A small fur military hat.
100px Capotain A hat worn from the 1590s through the 1640s in England and Northwestern Europe. It is also commonly called a Pilgrim hat.
100px Casquette A small-peaked cap often worn by cyclists.
100px Caubeen A British military headdress<ref>Murphy, David (2007). Irish Regiments in the World Wars. Osprey Publishing. p. 56. ISBN 1846030153. </ref><ref>http://royalirishrangers.co.uk/uniform.html Uniforms within the Regiment</ref>, also worn in Canadian army. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://iroc.no-ip.org/Project_info/Irish_FAQ/FAQ.pdf|title=Regimental Catechism The Irish Regiment of Canada|date=29 July 2007}</ref> A pipe band in California wear a headdress with the same name <ref>www.hibernians.us/divisionone.htm</ref>
100px Chullo Peruvian or Bolivian hat with ear-flaps made from vicuña, alpaca, llama or sheep's wool.<ref>Season of the chullo</ref>
80px Chupalla Straw hat made in Chile.
100px Cloche hat Popular bell-shaped ladies hat of the 1920s.
100px Cordobés Flat-brimmed and flat-topped traditional hat originating from Córdoba, Spain, associated with Flamenco and popularized by characters such as the fictional Zorro.
100px Conical Asian hat Simple straw hat associated with East and Southeast Asia.
100px Cowboy hat High-crowned, wide-brimmed hat, with a sweatband on the inside, and a decorative hat band on the outside. Customized by creasing the crown and rolling the brim.<ref>Snyder, Jeffrey B. (1997) Stetson Hats and the John B. Stetson Company 1865-1970.p5 ISBN 0-7643-0211-6</ref>
100px Custodian helmet Police helmet worn by British constables while on foot patrol.
100px Deerstalker Warm close-fitting tweed cap designed for hunting in the wet and windy Scottish climate, with brims in front and behind, and ear flaps which can be tied together either over the crown or under the chin; anachronistically associated with Sherlock Holmes.
100px Dunce cap A hat that was used to punish and humiliate students in school during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is shaped like a cone and often has a big capital 'D' inscribed on the front.
100px Fascinator A small hat commonly made with feathers, flowers and/or beads. It attaches to the hair by a comb, headband or clip.
100px Fedora A soft felt hat with a lengthwise crease.
100px Fez Red felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone.
100px Flat cap A soft, round men's cap with a small brim in front.
100px Gatsby A soft brimmed hat popular in New York after the turn of the century made from eight quarter panels. Also known as a newsboy cap.
100px Garrison or Forage cap A foldable cloth cap with straight sides and a creased or hollow crown.
100px Gaung Paung Headwrap worn by the Bamar, Mon people, Rakhine and Shan peoples.
100px Ghutrah Three piece ensemble consisting of a Thagiyah skull cap, Gutrah scarf, and Ogal black band. Gutrahs are plain white or checkered, denoting ethnic or national identities.[citation needed].
100px Hard hat A helmet predominantly used in workplace environments, such as construction sites, to protect the head from injury by falling objects, debris and bad weather.
100px Hardee hat Also known as the 1858 Dress Hat. Regulation hat for Union soldiers during the American Civil War.
100px Homburg A semi-formal hat with a crease and no dents.
100px Kepi A French military hat with a flat, circular top and visor.
100px Kippah or Yarmulke A small close-fitting skullcap worn by religious Jews.
100px Kolpik Brown fur hat worn by Hassidic Jews.
100px Kova tembel Cloth hat worn by Israeli pioneers and kibbutzniks.
100px Montera A crocheted hat worn by bullfighters.
100px Mortarboard Flat, square hat with a tassel worn as part of academic dress.
100px Pakul Round, rolled wool hat with a flat top, associated with Afghanistan and the Mujahideen.
100px Panama Straw hat made in Ecuador.
100px Peaked cap A military style cap with a crown, band and peak (also called a visor). It is used by many militaries of the world as well as law enforcement, as well as some people in service professions who wear uniforms.
100px Phrygian Cap A soft conical cap pulled forward. In sculpture, paintings and caricatures it represents freedom and the pursuit of liberty. The popular comic / cartoon characters The Smurfs, are famous for their white Phrygian caps. Their leader, Papa Smurf wears a red one.
100px Pith Helmet A lightweight cloth-covered helmet made of cork or pith.
100px Porkpie Circular, flat topped hat.
100px Sami hat Also known as a "Four Winds" hat, traditional men's hat of the Sami people.
Šajkača Serbian national hat.
100px Salakot A traditional hat in the Philippines.
100px Santa Hat A floppy pointed red hat trimmed in white fur traditionally associated with Christmas.
100px Shako A tall cylindrical military cap, usually with a visor, badge, and plume.
100px Shtreimel A fur hat worn by married Hassidic men on Shabbat and holidays.
100px Slouch Generic term covering wide-brimmed felt-crowned hats like those worn by the military and ranchers.
100px Sombrero A Mexican hat with a conical crown and a saucer-shaped brim, highly embroidered made of plush felt.
100px Student cap A cap worn by university students in various European countries.
100px Tam o' Shanter A Scottish wool hat originally worn by men.
60px Taqiyah A round fabric cap worn by Muslim men.
100px Top hat A tall, flat-crowned, cylindrical hat worn by men in the 19th and early 20th centuries, now worn only with morning dress or evening dress. Also known as a stovepipe hat.
100px Toque A tall, pleated, brimless, cylindrical hat traditionally worn by chefs.
100px Trilby A soft felt men's hat with a deeply indented crown and a narrow brim often upturned at the back.
100px Tricorne A soft hat with a broad brim, pinned up on either side of the head and at the back, producing a triangular shape.
100px Trucker hat Similar to a baseball cap, usually with a foam brim and front section and a breathable mesh back section.
100px Tudor bonnet A soft round black academic cap, with a tassel hanging from a cord attached to the centre of the top of the hat.
100px Tuque A knitted hat, worn in winter, usually made from wool or acrylic. Also known as a ski cap, knit hat, knit cap, sock cap, stocking cap, toboggan, watch cap, or goobalini.
100px Turban A headdress consisting of a scarf-like single piece of cloth wound around either the head itself or an inner hat.
100px Tyrolean hat A felt hat originating from the Alps.
100px Ushanka Russian fur hat with fold down ear flaps.
100px Vueltiao A Colombian hat of woven and sewn black and khaki dried palm braids with indigenous figures.
100px Zucchetto Skullcap worn by clerics.

[edit] Hat size

Hat sizes are determined by measuring the circumference of a person's head about 1/2 inch (1.3 cm) above the ears. Inches or centimeters may be used depending on the manufacturer. Felt hats can be stretched for a custom fit. Some hats, like hard hats and baseball caps, are adjustable. Cheaper hats come in standard sizes, such as small, medium, large.<ref>"Helmet sizes". http://www.enduroworld.com.au/helmet_sizes.htm. </ref>

Traditional hat size is worked out by adding the fore and aft and side to side measurements (in inches) then dividing by two. In the UK, an equivalent hat size is an eighth of an inch smaller than in the US.

Hat sizes
size Youth S/M Youth L/XL XXS XS S M L XL XXL XXXL
Age (years) 0 ½ 1 1½ 2
Circumference in cm 34 43 47 48 49 50 51 - 52 53 - 54 55 - 56 57 - 58 59 - 60 61 - 62 63 - 64 65 - 66
Circumference in inches 13⅜ 17 18½ 18⅞ 19¼ 19¾ 20⅛ - 20½ 20⅞ - 21¼ 21⅝ - 22 22½ - 22⅞ 23¼ - 23⅝ 24 - 24⅜ 24¾ - 25¼ 25⅝ - 26
UK hat size 5¾ 5⅞ 6 6⅛ 6¼ - 6⅜ 6½ - 6⅝ 6¾ - 6⅞ 7 - 7⅛ 7¼ - 7⅜ 7½ - 7⅝ 7¾ - 7⅞ 8 - 8⅛
US hat size 5⅞ 6 6⅛ 6¼ 6⅜ - 6½ 6⅝ - 6¾ 6⅞ - 7 7⅛ - 7¼ 7⅜ - 7½ 7⅝ - 7¾ 7⅞ - 8 8⅛ - 8¼
French hat size 0 ½ 1 1½ 2 - 2½ 3 - 3½ 4 - 4½ 5 - 5½ 6 - 6½ 7 - 7½ 8 - 8½ 9 - 9½

[edit] See also

[edit] References

Unknown extension tag "references"

[edit] External links

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gn:Akã ao ay:Q'aspa bjn:Tanggui br:Tog bg:Шапка ca:Barret ceb:Kalo cs:Klobouk pdc:Hut de:Hut et:Kübar es:Sombrero eo:Ĉapelo eu:Kapela fa:کلاه fr:Chapeau gd:Ad ko:모자 hr:Šešir io:Chapelo id:Topi it:Cappello (abbigliamento) he:כובע ka:ქუდი lt:Skrybėlė hu:Kalap ml:തൊപ്പി nl:Hoed no:Hatt oc:Capèl pl:Kapelusz pt:Chapéu qu:K'umpu ru:Шляпа sq:Kapela simple:Hat sk:Klobúk sl:Klobuk szl:Kłobuk fi:Hattu sv:Hatt ta:தொப்பி th:หมวก tr:Şapka uk:Капелюх vec:Capel (abijamento) wa:Tchapea yi:קאפעליטש

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