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Herpesviridae

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iHerpesviridae
Virus classification
Group: Group I (dsDNA)
Family: Herpesviridae
Genera

Subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae
   Simplexvirus
   Varicellovirus
   Mardivirus
   Iltovirus
Subfamily Betaherpesvirinae
   Cytomegalovirus
   Muromegalovirus
   Roseolovirus
Subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae
   Lymphocryptovirus
   Rhadinovirus
Unassigned
   Ictalurivirus

The Herpesviridae are a family of DNA viruses that cause diseases in humans and animals. The family name is derived from the Greek herpein ("to creep"), referring to the latent, re-occurring infections typical of this group of viruses. Herpesviridae can cause latent or lytic infections.

Contents

[edit] Human herpesviridae

There are eight distinct viruses in this family known to cause disease in humans. These viruses are (HHV stands for human herpesviruses):

B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus-1, herpesvirus simiae) is a simplexvirus endemic in macaque monkeys. Human zoonotic infection with this virus results in severe pathogenesis and often death in untreated individuals.

[edit] Viral structure

The human herpesviruses all share some common properties. One shared property is virus structure - all herpesviruses are composed of relatively large double-stranded, linear DNA genomes encoding 100-200 genes encased within an icosahedral protein cage called the capsid which is itself wrapped in a lipid bilayer membrane called the envelope. This particle is known as the virion.

Following binding of viral envelope protein to cell membrane receptors, the virion is internalized and dismantled, allowing viral DNA to migrate to the cell nucleus. Within the nucleus, viral DNA undergoes limited replication and transcription of a small number of viral genes termed latency associated transcript (LAT). In this fashion the virus can persist in the cell (and thus the host) indefinitely. Reactivation of latent viruses has been implicated in a number of organic diseases. While primary infection is often accompanied by a self-limited period of clinical illness, long-term latency is symptom-free. Following activation, the virus switches on transcription of multiple additional non-latent genes termed lytic genes that lead to enhanced replication and virus production. Often, lytic activation leads to cell death. Clinically, lytic activation is often accompanied by emergence of non-specific symptoms such as low grade fever, headache, sore throat, malaise, rash, etc as well as clinical signs such as swollen or tender lymph nodes and immunological findings such as reduced levels of natural killer cells.

[edit] Animal herpesviridae

[edit] Taxonomy

The following genera are included here:

[edit] References

  • <references/>
  • On Herpes I & II (for laymen or health care providers) The Truth About Herpes by the late Dr. Sacks.

[edit] External links

The most comprehensive information source on herpes is IHMF - a forum of virtually all peer reviewed medical literature on herpes. IHMF contains algorithms, flow charts, best management practices, epidemiology, state of the art research and so forth.

The leading court case on neonatal herpes is BYSTED from the British Columbia Court of Appeal, Canada.

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