History of Bangalore
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Timeline of Bangalore | |
| |
| Year | Event |
| 4000 BC ? | Stone implements dating back to the Middle Stone Age are discovered in the outskirts of Bangalore. |
| 890 AD | An inscription mentions "Bengaluroo", as the site of a Ganga Dynasty war |
| 1024 | Bangalore is captured by the Cholas of Tamil Nadu |
| 1100 | Kannada folklore tells of Hoysala king Veera Ballala christening Bangalore "Bendakalooru" |
| 1346 | Bangalore's dominion is transferred over to the Vijayanagara Empire |
| 1537 | Bangalore as it is known today is founded by Kempe Gowda, who builds a mud fort in the city. |
| 1638 | Bangalore is captured by the Marathas |
| 1687 | Bangalore is part of the Mughal Empire |
| 1759 | Haider Ali stages a coup and Bangalore, along with the Kingdom of Mysore comes under his rule |
| 1760 | Haider Ali designs plans for Lal Bagh, importing plants from Delhi, Lahore and Multan |
| 1782 | Tipu Sultan, son of Haider Ali, ascends to the throne after the death of his father |
| 1799 | Bangalore is consolidated into the British East India Empire after the defeat and death of Tipu Sultan in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. |
| 1868 | The Attara Kacheri, or the Karnataka High Court is constructed under the order of Sir Mark Cubbon, commissioner of Mysore. |
| 1898 | The bubonic plague cripples Bangalore. |
| 1905 | Bangalore becomes the first city in India to have electricity. |
| 1947 | India gains independence. Mysore State is incorporated into the union. |
| 1973 | Mysore State is renamed Karnataka |
Bangalore (Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) (pronounced /'[beŋgaɭuːru]/ in Kannada and /'bæŋgəlɔ(ɹ)/ in English) is the capital and the largest city of the Indian state of Karnataka.
An article, published in The Hindu, states <ref name=TheHindu>"Inscription reveals Bangalore is over 1,000 years old". The Hindu. 2006. The Hindu Group. 20 Aug. 2004</ref>:
- An inscription, dating back to 890 AD, shows Bangalore is over 1,000 years old. But it stands neglected at the Parvathi Nageshwara Temple in Begur near the city ... written in hale Kannada (old Kannada) of the 9th Century, the epigraph refers to a Bengaluru war in 890 AD in which Buttanachetty, a servant of Nagatta, died.
Though this has been recorded by historian R. Narasimhachar in his "Epigraphia of Carnatica" (Vol. 10 supplementary), no efforts have been made to preserve it.
Contents |
[edit] The Cholas, Hoysalas and Vijayanagara
The inscription stone found near Begur reveals, that the district was part of the Ganga kingdom ruled from Gangavadi until 1004 and was known as 'Benga-val-oru', the City of Guards in old Kannada. The Cholas of Tamil Nadu captured the city in 1015 AD and collected taxes through the local chieftans until 1116.The district came under the rule of the Hoysalas until the establishment of the Vijayanagara empire in 1336. Kempe Gowda I (1510 - 1570), whose ancestors had emigrated from Kancheepuram to the neighborhood of Bangalore due to a personal feud with the chief of Kancheepuram established the city of Bangalore under the Vijayanagar empire.
After the fall of the Vijayanagar empire, Bangalore changed hands several times. It was captured by the Maratha chief Shahaji Bhonsle, father of Shivaji, then working for the Adil Shahi sultans of Bijapur in 1638. During the siege of Bangalore, Shivaji's elder brother Shambaji was killed by Shahaji's rivals, led by the Ghorpade of Mudhol, for which Shivaji was to later exact revenge.
[edit] Islamic Conquests
After conquering the Sultanate of Bijapur, the Mughals then conquered Bangalore, which was then ruled by Shivaji's brother Vyankoji Bhonsale as a jagir (fief) of Bijapur in 1686; Vyankoji retreated further south.
The Mughals in turn leased Bangalore to the subsidiary Kingdom of Mysore's ruler Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar in 1689. In 1759, the Wodeyar's Commander-in-Chief Haider Ali made himself the de facto ruler of the Mysore Kingdom, including Bangalore, but maintained the Wodeyars as a figurehead.
[edit] Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan
When Hyder Ali died, his son Tipu Sultan deposed the weak Wodeyar, proclaimed himself Sultan and renamed the kingdom the Sultanate of Khodadad (Khodadad or Khudadad means "given by God"). Under Tipu Sultan and Hyder Ali the state progressed economically and trade flourished with many foreign nations through the ports of Mangalore. The French under Napoleon had promised to drive the British from India. Tipu successfully stalled the British in the first, second and third Anglo-Mysore Wars. Tipu, however, was defeated and ultimately killed in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.
[edit] Wodeyars and British East India
Upon the passing of Tipu Sultan, the Wodeyars returned to the throne of Mysore, and therefore Bangalore, although only as figureheads. Bangalore remained part of British East India until Indian independence in August, 1947.
[edit] Plague-Crisis of 1898
Bangalore was hit by a plague epidemic in 1898. The epidemic took a huge toll and many temples were built during this time, dedicated to the goddess Mariamma. The crisis caused by this epidemic catalyzed the improvement and sanitation of Bangalore and, in turn, improvements in sanitation and health facilities helped to modernize Bangalore.
Telephone lines were laid to help coordinate anti-plague operations. Regulations for building new houses with proper sanitation facilities came into effect. A health officer was appointed in 1898, the city was divided into four wards for better coordination and the Victoria Hospital was inaugurated in 1900 by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy and Governor-General of British India.
[edit] 1900s
In 1906, Bangalore became the first city in Asia to have electricity, supplied by the hydroelectric plant situated in Shivanasamudra.
Basavanagudi (named either after the Basavanna Temple or the Bull Temple in the village of Sunkenahalli) and Malleshwaram (named after the Kadu Malleshwara Temple in the old Mallapura village) were created during this time. Kalasipalyam (near the old fort) and Gandhinagar were created between 1921-1931. Kumara Park came into existence in 1947 and Jayanagar in 1948.
Around 1883, three developments were added to the cantonment — Richmond Town, Benson Town and Cleveland Town. Today the metropolitan area extends from the Peenya Industrial Area in the west to Indiranagar and Whitefield in the east; from Yelahanka Town in the north, to J.P. Nagar in the south.
In the 1960's and 1970's an elite neighborhood was developed in the former gardens of the Bangalore Palace, now called Sadhashivnagar. The area is now home to many of the wealthy members of Bangalore society, celebrities and politicians.
[edit] Garden City
Prior to developments in the last few decades, Bangalore was a well laid out city with many spacious gardens, which provided it the moniker, the Garden City. It therefore served traditionally as a retreat for people from the surrounding South Indian regions. Even today, the city administration manages to maintain several excellent parks. Cubbon Park and Lal Bagh are just two such examples.
Pensioners from Madras, Coimbatore, Cochin and, to a lesser extent, Hyderabad owned vacation homes in Bangalore and they used Bangalore as a retreat, giving rise to the other nickname "Pensioner's Paradise".
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- Fazlul Hasan. 1970. Bangalore Through the Centuries. Historical Publications.
[edit] External links
- [2], About Namma Bengaluru on Zenoota.com http://www.zenoota.com
- [3], History of Bangalore http://www.bangalorebest.com/discoverbangalore/sightseeing/TimeLine/4000bc_1799bc.asp
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