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Huaihai Campaign

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Huaihai Campaign
Part of the Chinese Civil War
Image:PLAHuaihai.jpg
People's Liberation Army during the Huaihai Campaign
Date 6 November, 1948 - 10 January, 1949
Location Shandong, Jiangsu
Result Decisive Communist victory; The Nationalist lost all the territories north of Yangtze River.
Combatants
National Revolutionary Army People's Liberation Army East China Field Army, Central Plains Field Army
Commanders
Du Yuming, Wu Shaozhou, Huang Wei, Huang Baitao, Qiu Qingquao Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Su Yu, Tan Zhenlin
Strength
800,000 600,000
Casualties
~555,000 (including non-combat losses) 134,000
Chinese Civil War
Major engagements in bold
Liaoshen Campaign (Changchun - Jinzhou) - Huaihai Campaign - Pingjin Campaign - Quemoy
edit

Huaihai Campaign (淮海戰役) or Battle of Hsupeng (徐蚌會戰) (also Xu-Beng) was a decisive military action during 1948 and 1949, it was the determining battle of the Chinese Civil War. It is one of the few conventional battles of the war. 500,000 troops of the Republic of China (under the Kuomintang) were surrounded in Xuzhou (Hsuchow) and destroyed by the communist People's Liberation Army.

Contents

[edit] Timeline

  • Begins on November 6, 1948
  • ends on January 10, 1949
  • said to last 65 days

[edit] Items of Note

  • Xuzhou was an exposed salient
  • Huang (Huai) River in Shandong and Jiangsu provinces
  • Lung Hai railway
  • Nationalists had air-superiority
  • Communists used concentrated artillery effectively

[edit] PLA Order of Battle

  • Central Plains Field Army (renamed as the Second Field Army)
  • East China Field Army (renamed as the Third Field Army)

[edit] KMT Order of Battle

  • Nationalist Seventh Army Group
  • Sixth Army Group
  • Second Army Group
  • Thirteenth Army Group
  • Sixteenth Army Group

[edit] PLA Leaders

[edit] KMT Leaders

  • Huang Baitao (committed suicide)
  • Qiu Qingquan (killed)
  • Du Yuming, deputy commander-in-chief (captured)
  • Huang Wei, army commander (captured)
  • Wu Shaozhou, deputy army commander (captured)

[edit] The Three Phases of the Battle

The Huai Hai Campaign is typically divided into three main phases.

[edit] Phase 1

An assault by the East China Field Army beginning on November 6th surrounds the Nationalist Seventh Army Group.

On November 8th, two armies (with 23,000 troops) led by He Jifeng and Zhang Kexia, deputy commanders of the Third Pacification Zone of the Kuomintang army (who were actually underground Communist Party members) suddenly revolted on the battlefield. The Seventh Army Group was able to hold out for 12 days without supplies. The two army groups ordered to relieve the Seventh were delayed. On November 22, the 100,000 troops of the Seventh Army Group were wiped from the Nationalist order of battle.

[edit] Phase 2

November 23 to January 6

Communist forces from the east and west captured Xuzhou (Hsuchow), a key railway junction, on December 1st. On December 6, following a PLA breakthrough, the Nationalist Sixteenth Army Group is eliminated. On the same day, the People's Liberation Army initiates an attack on the 12th Army Group. The Central Plains Field Army, in coordination with the main force of the Eastern China Field Army, surrounded and wiped out the army under Huang Wei at and around Shuangtuichi, southwest of Suhsien. On December 15, it succeeds in defeating these 120,000 troops and captures its commander, Huang Wei, alive.

[edit] Phase 3

On January 6, 1949, People's Liberation Army initiates a general attack on the surrounded troops of Du Yuming, eliminating the Thirteenth Army Group. The remnants of defeated troops retreat toward the Second Army Group defense area. On January 10, the PLA achieves a breakthrough and the Second Army Group is annihilated. Commander Qiu Qingquan commits suicide and Du Yuming is captured.

[edit] External links

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