Hydrogen ion
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The hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general name for all ions of hydrogen and its isotopes <ref>Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd edition McNaught, A.D. and Wilkinson, A. Blackwell Science, 1997 [ISBN 0-86542-6848], also online</ref> . Depending on the charge of the ion, two different classes can be distinguished:
[edit] Cation (positively charged)
When hydrogen loses its electron, the following cations can be formed
- Hydron: general name referring to the positive ion of any hydrogen isotope (H+)
- Proton: 1H+
- Deuteron: 2H+, D+
- Triton: 3H+, T+
In addition, the ions produced by the reaction of these cations with water as well as their hydrates are called hydrogen ions:
- Oxoniumion: H3O+
- Zundel cation: H5O2+
- Eigen cation: H9O4+
In connection with acids, hydrogen ions typically refer to hydrons.
[edit] Anion (negatively charged)
Hydrogen anions are formed when additional electrons are taken on:
- Hydride: general name referring to the negative ion of any hydrogen isotope
- Deuteride: 2H-, D-
- Tritide: 3H-, T-
In organic chemistry jargon, a hydrogen atom in a molecule is often referred to simply as a proton.
