Hyoscyamine

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Image:Hyoscyamine.svg
Hyoscyamine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl) 3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-propanoate
Identifiers
CAS number	101-31-5
ATC code	A03 BA03
PubChem	3661
DrugBank	APRD00607
Chemical data
Formula	C₁₇H₂₃N O₃
Mol. weight	289.375 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Half life	?
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	?
Routes	Oral, Injection

Hyoscyamine is a chemical compound, a tropane alkaloid it is the levo-isomer to atropine. It is a secondary metabolite of some plants.

Brand names for hyoscyamine include Symax, Anaspaz, Buwecon, Cystospaz, Levsin, Levbid, Donnamar, NuLev, and Neoquess.

1 Uses
- 1.1 Side effects
2 Isolation
3 External links

[edit] Uses

It is used to provide symptomatic relief to various gastrointestinal disorders including spasms, peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, pancreatitis, colic and cystitis. It has also been used to relieve some heart problems, control some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, as well as for control of respiratory secretions in end of life care. It is anticholinergic, working by inhibting the action of acetylcholine in smooth and cardiac muscle, the sinoatrial and atrioventricular nodes and the exocrine glands.

[edit] Side effects

Side effects include eye pain, blurred vision, restlessness, dizziness, arrythmia, flushing, faintness. An overdose will cause headache, nausea, vomiting and CNS symptoms including disorientation, hallucinations, euphoria, inappropriate affect, short-term memory loss and coma.

[edit] Isolation

It can be extracted from plants of the Solanaceae family, notably Datura stramonium. Empirically it is C₁₇H₂₃NO₃. Its structural name is α-(hydroxymethyl)-, 8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl ester, [3(S)-endo]-1αH,5αH-Tropan-3α-ol.