Immersed tube
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An immersed tube is a kind of underwater tunnel constructed using segments built elsewhere, floated and sunk into place, and then welded together to form the tunnel. This method can be considerably cheaper than excavating through rock and is more resistant to earthquake damage. The tradeoff is that immersed tubes are more vulnerable to terrorist bombings and sabotage than excavated tunnels, since less force is necessary to breach their walls than would be required to penetrate the roof of a tunnel through rock.
[edit] Examples
- Hong Kong Cross-Harbour Tunnel
- 63rd Street Tunnel, a four-bore rail tunnel under the East River in New York City
- Sydney Harbour Tunnel - road
- Transbay Tube, a BART rail tunnel under San Francisco Bay
- Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, two-lane automobile tunnel under Detroit River, leading from Windsor, Ontario to Detroit, Michigan
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