Islamic view of angels
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Part of a series on the Islamic creed:
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Shahādah - Profession of faith | |
| Sunni Six articles of belief | |
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Tawhīd - Oneness | |
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Tawhīd - Oneness | |
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Salat - Prayer | |
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Walayah - Guardianship | |
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Salafi/Kharijite Sixth pillar of Islam. |
Angels in Islam are light-based creatures, created by God to serve and worship God. Belief in angels is one of the beliefs in Islam or faith without which there is no faith. Whoever does not believe in any of these 6 faiths or beliefs is not a believer (mu’min). These pillars are belief in: God, His angels, His Books, His Messengers, the Last Day, and that predestination, both good and bad, comes from God.
Qur'an, Sura 17. Al-Isra verse 95. [Isra, The Night Journey, Children of Israel]
- "Say, 'If there were settled, on earth, angels walking about in peace and quiet, We should certainly have sent them down from the heavens an angel for a messenger.'"
017.095 قُلْ لَوْ كَانَ فِي الأرْضِ مَلائِكَةٌ يَمْشُونَ مُطْمَئِنِّينَ لَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَلَكًا رَسُولا
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[edit] Attributes of angels
They are intangible, sentient entities, who don't have a free will. Their purpose is to serve God. Being made of light, they can assume almost any form, completely real to the human eye, and traverse a distance just as fast as light or faster.
[edit] Iblis
While Iblis did disobey God, was expelled from Heaven, and became the avowed enemy of man, he was a Jinn not an angel, which is not angelic in any way, since they are made of smokeless fire, not light, have free-will, and can disobey or openly defy God.
[edit] Angel hierarchy
There is no standard hierarchical organization in Islam that parallels the division into different "choirs" or spheres, as hypothesised and drafted by early medieval Christian theologians. Most Islamic scholars agree that this is an unimportant topic in Islam, especially since such a topic has never been directly mentioned or addressed in either the Qur'an or Bible. However, it is clear that there is a set order or hierarchy that exists between Angels, defined by the assigned jobs and various tasks to which angels are commanded by God.
The general consensus agrees that Archangels are the highest order of Angels, as those are the ones named the most in the Qur'an (Gabriel, Michael, etc.); these are considered to be closest to God in terms of servitude, as their meaning and purpose is more detailed than any other angel.
[edit] Archangels
There are four Archangels whom Muslims are required to acknowledge as part of their conversion to Islam. (Due to varied methods of translation from Arabic and the fact that these Angels also exist in Christian contexts and the Bible, several of their Christian and phonetic transliteral names are listed.)
- Jibrail (OR Jibraaiyl OR Jibril OR Gabriel in English and the Bible). Jibra'il is the Archangel responsible for revealing the Qur'an to Muhammad, verse by verse. Jibra'il is known as the angel who communicates with (all) the Prophets that Muslims accept. He is mentioned specifically in the Qur'an.
- Ezrail (OR Ezraaiyl OR Izrail OR Azrael). Azrael is the Angel of Death who along with his helpers is responsible for parting the soul of the human from the body. The actual process of separating the soul from the body depends on the person's history or record of good or bad deeds. If the human was a bad person in life, the soul is ripped out very painfully. But if the human was a righteous person, then the soul is separated like a 'drop of water dripping from glass'.
- Mikail (OR Mikaaiyl OR Michael). Michael is the Archangel charged with bringing thunder and lightning onto the Earth. He is also responsible for the rewards doled out to good persons in this life. This archangel was mentioned in Qur'an.
- Israfil (OR Israafiyl OR Raphael). According to the Hadith, Israfil is the Angel responsible for signalling the coming of Judgment Day by blowing a horn and sending out a "Blast of Truth". It translates to English as Raphael. Blowing of the trumpet is described at many places in Quran. First time, it will destroy everything 69:13. Second time, all human beings will come to life again 36:51.
[edit] Other angels
- Malik is the angel who is responsible for Hell.
- Ridwan is the angel who is responsible for Heaven (Paradise).
- Kiraamun kaatibeen are the angels who record the good and bad deeds of a person.
- Munkar and Nakir are the angels who interrogate a person in the grave about his good and bad deeds.
- Harut and Marut are the angels responsible for sorcery.
The Qur'an also mentions angels who occupy the realms of the Seven Hells. A verse stipulates this:
"O you who believe! Save yourselves and your families from a Fire (Jahannam) whose fuel is Men and Stones, over which are (appointed) angels stern and severe, who flinch not (from executing) the Commands they receive from God, but do (precisely) what they are commanded." [[[At-Tahrim]] 66:6]
The Qur'an also mentions that angels have qualities that may be typified by the word wings. Another ayat (verse) stipulates this:
"Praise be to God, Who created (out of nothing) the heavens and the earth, Who made the angel messengers with wings - two, or three, or four (pairs) and adds to Creation as He pleases: for God has power over all things." [[[Fatir]] 35:1]
The preceding sentence does not imply that all angels have two to four wings. Most notably, archangels (namely Gabriel and Michael) are described as having thousands of wings. Tradition also notes that certain angels, created solely for the purpose of praising God, have 70 thousand heads, each with 70 thousand mouths that speak 70 thousand languages solely to sing praises for the Almighty. This type of angel, whose type is nameless, accompanied Muhammad up to Jannah (Heaven) when he received commands from Allah. Instead of riding on an angel, Muhammad rode a creature called a Buraq whose stride spans from horizon to horizon.
[edit] Verses in the Qur'an that directly name Angels
Gabriel (Jibreel) and Michael (Mikaa'eel) are mentioned early on the Qur'an in the second sura:
"Say: Whoever is an enemy to Jibreel - for he brings down the (revelation) to your heart by God’s will, a confirmation of what went before, and guidance and glad tidings to those who believe - Whoever is an enemy to God, and His angels and prophets, to Jibreel and Mikaa’eel - Lo! God is an enemy to those who reject Faith." [[[Al-Baqarah]] 2:97-98]
Another Angel, Malik is defined in the Qur'an as a being who is the Keeper of the Seven Hells. Malik also translates into "King" from Arabic, so it is assumed that Malik is "King" of Hell. However Malik is not an evil angel, nor a fallen one, a notion Islam rejects, rather Malik is merely doing what he is commanded to do by God.
"They [the people in Hell] will cry: ‘O Malik! Would that your Lord put an end to us!’..." [[[Az-Zukhruf]] 43:77]
Two other Angels are also mentioned directly in the Qur'an: Haaroot and Maaroot (OR Harut and Marut).
". . . and such things as came down at Babylon to the angels Haaroot and Maaroot . . ." [al-Baqarah 2:102]
Several Angels, Azrael, Isrofil and Nakir and Munkar are not mentioned directly in the Qur'an but are explained further in the Hadiths of Muhammad, peace be upon him. They are also mentioned in traditional myths, however, they seldom retain complete originality from the Hadith.
