| Jaipur | |
| State - District(s) | Rajasthan - Jaipur District |
| Coordinates | |
| Area - Elevation | 200.4 km² - 431 m |
| Time zone | IST (UTC+5:30) |
| Population (2005) - Density | 2,324,319 - |
| Mayor | Ashok Parnami |
| Codes - Postal - Telephone - Vehicle | - 3020 xx - +0141 - RJ-14 |
Jaipur pronunciation (Hindi: जयपुर, Urdu: جے پور), also popularly known as the Pink City, historically sometimes rendered as Jeypore, is the capital of Rajasthan state, India. Jaipur is also the capital of Jaipur District. Jaipur is the former capital of the princely state of Jaipur. The city was founded in 1728 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber. The population in 2003 was approximately 2.7 million.
The city was built of pink stucco in imitation of sandstone, and is remarkable among pre-modern Indian cities for the width and regularity of its streets. The city is laid out into six quarters, separated by broad streets 111 ft (34 m) wide. The urban quarters are further divided by networks of gridded streets. Five quarters wrap around the east, south, and west sides of a central palace quarter, with a sixth quarter immediately to the east. The Palace quarter encloses a sprawling palace complex (the Hawa Mahal, or palace of winds), formal gardens, and a small lake. Nahargarh Fort crowns the hill in the northwest corner of the old city. Another noteworthy building is Sawai Jai Singh's observatory, Jantar Mantar. Jaipur, with its rich and colourful past, resplendent with tales of valour and bravery is now one of the most important heritage cities in India, and is a must-see for tourists coming to India.
Jaipur is considered by many urbanists to be one of the best planned cities. Almost all Indian towns of that period presented a chaotic picture of narrow twisting lanes, a confusion of run-down forts/temples/palaces and temporary shacks that bore no resemblance at all to the principles set out in Hindu architectural manuals, which calls for strict geometric planning. Thus, for Sawai Jai Singh II and the Bengali Guru Vidyadhar (who belonged to the 'Shaspati' order of Hindu Priest Architects), the founding of Jaipur was also a ritual and a golden opportunity to plan a whole town according to the principles of Hindu architectural theory. The town of Jaipur is in fact, built in the form of a nine-part Mandala known as the 'Pithapada'.
In the 19th century the city grew rapidly and became prosperous, with a population of 160,000 in 1900, and the city's wide boulevards were paved and lit with gas. Its chief industries were in metals and marble, which are fostered by a school of art, founded in 1868. There was also a wealthy and enterprising community of native bankers. The city had three colleges and several hospitals.
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During the British Raj, Jaipur was the capital of a princely state of the same name. Jaipur state, which existed from the twelfth century until Indian Independence in 1947, took its name from the city. The state is said to have been founded about 1128 by Dūlaha Rāya, who hailed from Gwalior; he and his Kachwaha kinsmen are said to have absorbed or driven out the local Meenas chiefs . Their original capital in the Dhundhar region was Dausa, Ramgarth then Amber before the shift to Jaipur. Maharaja Sawai Man Singh II (1922-1949), in 1948, shortly after India's independence, acceded the state of Jaipur to the Government of India, and Jaipur became the capital of Rajasthan.
Jaipur is located at <ref>Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Jaipur</ref>. It has an average elevation of 432 metres (1417 feet).
The district is situated in the eastern part of Rajasthan. It is bound in the north by Sikar and Alwar, in South by Tonk, Ajmer and Sawai Madhopur. Nagaur, Sikar and Ajmer in the west and in east by Bharatpur and Dausa districts.
Distance from major cities
The climate of the district is dry and healthy and is subject to extremities of cold and heat during winter and summer respectively, due to proximity to the Thar Desert. The minimum and maximum temperatures recorded in the district varies from 3 to 48 degrees Celsius. Normal annual rainfall is 556 mm.
As Jaipur is the capital of Rajasthan state, it is fully equipped with all infrastructural facilities.
Jaipur district receives hydroelectric power from the Chambal Hydel system. 100% of the total of 2,131 villages in the district receive electricity as of March 2000.
The major rivers passing through the Jaipur district are Banas and Banganga. Ground water resources to the extent of about 28.65 million cubic meter are available in the district. Although serious drought is rare, poor water management and exploitation of groundwater with extensive tube-well systems threatens agriculture in some areas.
Jaipur city is the capital of the state and is centrally located. The National Highway No.8 links Delhi to Ahmedabad and No.11, linking Bikaner to Agra passes through Jaipur district to a total length of 366 km. The total length of different types of roads in the district was about 4,102 km as of March 2000.
Jaipur is very well connected by rail with all major cities and town in India. Jaipur is connected on the broad-gauge and meter gauge network of the Indian Railways. Jaipur has direct trains on the broad gauge network to cities like Agra, Delhi, Bombay, Howrah, Chennai, Mysore, Bangalore, Lucknow, Kanpur etc. across the country and to cities like Ajmer, Sawai Madhopur, Kota, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Udaipur within Rajasthan.
Jaipur is connected with metre gauge rail route with Sri Ganganagar, Udaipur and Sirohi.
Jaipur is also connected with major centres of neighbouring states such as Agra (Uttar Pradesh), Ahmedabad (Gujarat) and Delhi through the broad gauge network.
Travel options using Rail: Travel from Delhi is best planned ahead by reservation in a Shatabdi train for day travel which includes the Indian food served onboard. Recently, the Indian railway websites allow E-tickets to be bought using a credit card and taking a printout of the same, along with a valid photo ID. For more info, see http://www.indianrail.gov.in and see http://www.irctc.co.in for online booking of tickets. For travelling via trains in India, see the excellent post on http://www.indiamike.com/india/showthread.php?s=&threadid=3164 . Work is in progress to put up ATM machines at Railway stations to allow purchase of E-tickets using credit/debit cards.
Jaipur's Jaipur Airport (IATA: JAI, ICAO: VIJP) offers sporadic service to London, Dublin, Singapore and Dubai. Jaipur also has well connected domestic air links with Jodhpur, Udaipur, Aurangabad, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kolkata and Mumbai.
Post offices 599 Telegraph offices 143 Telecom centres 9 PCOs 859 Telephone exchanges 150
Image:Jantar Mantar at Jaipur.jpg Image:Jal Mahal.JPG
University of Rajasthan, 45 Colleges, 2 Agricultural colleges, 22 Engineering colleges, including the National Institute of Technology 2 Polytechnical colleges, 1 Medical colleges, 4.hotel management college 554 Secondary & higher secondary schools, 1,460 Higher primary schools, 2,905 Primary schools, 6 ITIs, 2 Agricultural research centre and 1 International Institute of Management & Entrepreneurship. St. Xavier School, MGD Girl School, SMS Vidhyalaya, and St. Anselm's School.
No. of large & medium scale running units: 48 No. of small scale units: 19,544 No. of industrial areas: 19
Bagru, Bassi, Bais Godam, Bindyaka, Dudu, Hirawala, Jetpura, Jhotwara, Kaladera, Kanakpura, Kartarpura, Malviya Nagar, Phulera, Renwal, Sanganeer, Shahpura, Sitapura, Sudarshanpur and Vishwakarma.
Jaipur district is a centre for both modern and traditional industry. Acetylene gas, ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) cable, ball bearings, bottling of LPG, ceramics, pottery, cold roll strips, common salt, corrugated boxes, deoiled cakes, durries, dyeing and printing, edible oil, electronic items, engraving on brass items, ferrous and non-ferrous castings, gems and jewellery, general engineering and manufacturing, granite slabs and tiles, hand made paper, handicraft items, halogen auto bulbs, hawai chappals, household electrical appliances, HT steel strips, iodized salt, lamps, laminated springs for railways, marble statues, marble tiles & slabs, moulded plastic components for electronics, perfumes, pigment colours, plastic containers, P.P. multifilament yarn, PVC cables, PVC doors, PVC footwear, canvas shoes, nitrochlorobenzene, oxygen gas, Portland cement, readymade garments, re-roller products, steel furniture, steel ingots, stone grits, synthetic leather, synthetic suits & shirts, tablets and capsules, two way radio and line, washing soap, wheat maida, suji, atta, woollen carpet, refined vegetable oil and vanaspati ghee.
Brass and lacquer work, enamel work, gems and jewellery, granite tiles, handloom, marble statues, printed cloth and textiles, readymade garments, woollen and silk carpets.
As of 2001 India censusGRIndia, Jaipur had a population of 2,324,319. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. In Jaipur, 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Jaipur has an average literacy rate of 67%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 59%.
<references/>
Bradnok, Robert, Bradnok, Roma (2002). Footprint India Handbook 2003. Bath, England: Footprint Handbooks. ISBN 1-903471-38-9.
| State and Union Territory capitals of India |
|---|
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Agartala • Aizawl • Bangalore • Bhopal • Bhubaneswar • Chandigarh • Chennai (Madras) • Daman • Dehradun • Delhi • Dispur • Gandhinagar • Gangtok • Hyderabad • Imphal • Itanagar • Jaipur • Jammu • Kavaratti • Kohima • Kolkata (Calcutta) • Lucknow • Mumbai (Bombay) • Panaji • Patna • Puducherry • Port Blair • Raipur • Ranchi • Shillong • Shimla • Silvassa • Srinagar • Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum)
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| Agra • Ahmedabad • Allahabad • Amritsar • Asansol • Bangalore • Bhopal • Chennai • Coimbatore • Delhi • Dhanbad • Faridabad • Hyderabad • Indore • Jabalpur • Jaipur • Jamshedpur • Kanpur • Kochi • Kolkata • Lucknow • Ludhiana • Madurai • Meerut • Mumbai • Nagpur • Nashik • Patna • Pune • Rajkot • Surat • Vadodara • Varanasi • Vijayawada • Visakhapatnam |
| State of Rajasthan </b> Rajasthan Topics | |
|---|---|
| Capital | Jaipur |
| Divisions | Ajmer | Bharatpur | Bikaner | Jaipur | Jodhpur | Kota | Udaipur |
| Districts | Ajmer | Alwar | Banswara | Baran | Barmer | Bhilwara | Bikaner | Bharatpur | Bundi | Chittorgarh | Churu | Dausa | Dholpur | Dungarpur | Ganganagar | Hanumangarh | Jaipur | Jaisalmer | Jalore | Jhalawar | Jhunjhunu | Jodhpur | Karauli | Kota | Nagaur | Pali | Rajsamand | Sawai Madhopur | Sikar | Sirohi | Tonk | Udaipur |
| Major cities | Alwar • Bhilwara • Bikaner • Jaipur • Jaisalmer • Jodhpur • Udaipur |
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
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